Interpreting the Fossil Record
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| evolution | gradual change;the belief that the universe and all that is in it originated by chance through natural processes over billions of years
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| cosmic evolution | chance origin of the universe as whole
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| biological evolution/organic evolution | gradual development of life on Earth,generally from simple organisms to complex ones
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| special creation | God's work of calling the universe and all that is in it into existence ex nihilo(out of nothing) and making complex living organisms out of simple components
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| concept of special creation and the concept of evolution must be | accepted by faith
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| theistic evolution | modified form of evolutionary hypothesis which attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution
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| science cannot make | authoritative statements about the origin of the earth
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| principle of uniformity | principle that states that the natural laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth's history
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| uniformitarianism | false belief that the natural processes we see today,at the rates we see today,are solely responsible for shaping the earth's crust in the past
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| Charles Lyell | Father of Modern Geology;the idiot who popularized uniformitarianism
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| Charles Darwin | popularized the idea of evolution;published "The Origin of the Species"
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| Evolution is a concept that | attempts to free man from God and his responsibility to his Creator
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| paleontology | study of fossils
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| fossils | remains/impressions of plants,animals,and humans preserved sedimentary rock
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| petrified fossils | animals buried in water and sediments;minerals in the mud replaced or strengthened the structure of fossil preserving it
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| mold fossils | formed when mud buries a plant or animal and quickly hardens,leaving a hollow mold,or impression,in the rock organism decays
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| resin fossils | formed when leaves and other plant parts, insects,or frogs and other smaller animals are trapped in large masses of tree sap,which later harden into a rock-like substance known as amber
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| print fossil | animal tracks,outlines leaves and feathers, and imprints skin mud preserved when mud hardened into rock;can reveal design bird's feathers, structure leaves and plants,even pattern dinosaurs hide
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| whole specimen fossils | entire animal preserved nearly intact by freezing,desiccation(drying out),or entrapment in a bog or pit
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| geologic column | hypothetical time scale of earth's history based evolutionary assumptions fossil record
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| eras | four major divisions which cover several hundred million years
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| periods | smaller units of time which are from eras
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| epochs | which subdivide periods
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| four major eras | Precambrian era, Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era
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| index fossil | fossil considered characteristic of specific period therefore used assign ages rock layers
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| the first problem with the geologic column is that the succession fossils | it indicates occurs nowhere in the world
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| geologic column not really a description of order of rocks and fossils in crust;rather, | it is a hypothetical arrangement of fossils and rocks according to evolutionary assumptions
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| second problem with geologic column is that it is | based on the very assumption it attempts to prove
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| radiometric dating | technique used to assign dates to rocks and fossils based on decay of radiometric elements
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| although the final amount of element in the sample is easily measured | there is no way to measure how much of the element was in the sample originally
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| it can be said that | radioactive dates are largely determined by the assumptions of the person doing the dating
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| another problem with the geologic column is that | fossils are commonly found in the "wrong" order in apparently undisturbed strata
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| anomalies | "misplaced" fossils;fossils found in "wrong" order in apparently undisturbed rock strata
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| coelacanth | unusual "living fossil",once thought to be "missing link" between fish and amphibians,but now recognized as true deep fish;several have been caught alive
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| Noah's ark is | 450 ft long,75 ft wide, and 45 ft high
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| ICE AGE | historic period widespread glaciation, probably shortly after Flood,during which glaciers spread over third earth's land area sea level about 400 ft lower than at present
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| the very existence of a fossil implies | catastrophic burial
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| polystrate fossils | fossil extending through multiple layers of rock strata
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| transitional form | hypothetical form that would show signs evolving from one kind organism into another; "missing link"
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| if evolution were true | there would be many fossils of intermediate forms
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| the fact that no transitional forms have been found is | the greatest evidence against evolution
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| Seymouria | an unusual fossil amphibian once thought to "missing link" between amphibians & reptiles but now recognized as true amphibian
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| Archeopteryx | unusual fossil bird once thought to be "missing link" between reptiles an birds,but now recognized as true bird
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| Eohippus | dog-sized fossil mammal once thought to be the ancestor of the horse
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| natural selection | idea fittest and strongest of each species are more likely to survive and reproduce than members that are weaker or less fit
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| mutations tend to be | harmful,not helpful
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| mutations tend to be | an animal less likely to survive
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| punctuated equilibrium hypothesis | idea that new organisms arise as result of drastic environmental changes,which cause species radically change just few generations
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| there are | no "missing links" in the supposed chain of human evolution
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| Dryopithicus | a fragmented fossil which evolutionists thought to be the ancestor of humans and apes, but is now considered to be ape
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| Ramapithicus | a fossil with fragmented skull parts is thought by evolutionists to be the ancestor of humans and apes but is actually 100% ape
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| Australopithecus afarensis | also known as "Lucy";thought by evolutionists to be the first "links" in the chain of supposed human descent and is thought to walk upright but now agreed be extinct chimpanzee
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| Australopithecus africanus | "Taung child";thought by evolutionists to be ancestral to human but is now realized 100% ape after human skulls are found near it
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| Australopithecus anamensis | thought by evolutionists to be ancestral to humans but is discovered to be more chimpanzee-like and now passed as extinct ape
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| Homo habilis | thought by evolutionists to be an mixture between man and ape but is discovered to be smaller than "Lucy" and is 100% ape
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| Homo erectus | "Java man":"Peking man";thought by evolutionists to be ape-man but are now shown to be 100% human
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| Neanderthal man | thought by evolutionists to be humans with ape-like origins,but scientists discovered it was rickets while more bones were found,so Neanderthal man is 100% human.Neanderthal man also has larger brains
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| Cro-Magnon man | thought by evolutionists to be man's most recent ancestor but is now realized as 100% man;like the Neanderthal man,Cro-Magnon man had larger brains
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| The creation vs evolution debate is not all about | what science says,but about what man believes
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| evolution fails as a hypothesis because of | lack of transitional forms
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| MAN HAS | ALWAYS BEEN MAN
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