AnatFinal Study Key3
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| connective tissue covering a fascicle | perimysium
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| runs the entire length of the thick filament | A band
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| type of contraction that lengthens a muscle | eccentric
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| _ muscle pain | myalgia
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| any rigid bar free to turn about a fixed point | lever
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| _ fulcrum lies between the pull and the load; seesaw-like | 1st class lever
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| chewing | mastication
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| white line in the midline of the abdominal muscles | linea alba
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| makes up 55% of whole blood | plasma
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| contains granules that stain orange and nucleus has two lobes | eosinophil
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| formation of platelets | thrombopoiesis
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| blood clotting | coagulation
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| valve between the right ventricle and aorta | aortic
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| represents depolarization of the atria | P wave
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| slow heart rhythm | bradycardia
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| high blood pressure | hypertension
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| causes blood to pass through two consecutive capillary beds rather than one | portal system
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| vasodilator | nitric oxide
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| _alternate expansion and recoil of an artery | pulse
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| stroke | erythropoiesis
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| The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a | tendon.
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| The action potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by | transverse tubules.
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| Active sites on the actin become available for binding after calcium binds to | troponin.
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| Calcium ion is not released from the | transverse tubule.
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| Perpendicular is not one of the forms of | fascicle organization found in muscles.
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| Muscles located entirely within the part it moves are called | intrinsic.
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| The most common lever systems in the body are | those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called third-class levers.
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| Tendon attachment that moves most aptly describes | "muscle insertion".
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| A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is | fibrinogen
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| Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called agglutinogens and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called | agglutinins.
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| Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called | megakaryocytes.
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| A moving blood clot is called | an embolus.
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| The coronary arteries deliver blood to the | myocardium.
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| An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to both | decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.
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| The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called | the stroke volume.
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| The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow | in one direction only.
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| Capillaries that have a complete lining are called | continuous capillaries.
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| After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters | the venules.
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| Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only | in capillaries.
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| Blood moves forward through veins because of | muscular compression, valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood, the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries, and the respiratory pump.
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| What are the THREE general functions of skeletal muscle? | Movement, heat production, posture.
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| What are the THREE proteins that make up the thin filaments in muscle cells? | Actin, troponin, tropomyosin.
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| What protein makes up the thick filament in muscle cells? | myosin
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| What are the FOUR different types of muscle contractions? | Twitch, treppe, complete tetanus, incomplete tetanus.
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| Define myopathy. | Muscle disorder that disrupts normal movement
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| Define origin and insertion | origin: point of attachment that does not move. insertion: point of attachment that moves
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| What are the FOUR different muscle actions? | Prime mover (agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator
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| List the TWO divisions of the muscular system and what each controls. | Axial: position head and spinal column; moves rib cage. appendicular: support pectoral and pelvic girdles and limbs
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| Define tonicity in regards to muscles. | Tension; continuous, low level of sustained contraction.
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| List ONE effect of poor posture. | Muscles work harder and fatique easier; strains ligaments and bones; interferes with other functions (respiration, digestion)
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| Describe the structure of hemoglobin. | 4 globin molecules with a heme group (that contains iron) in the center of each.
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| What formed element is shaped like a biconcave disk and has no nucleus or organelles? | RBCs
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| What occurs when a person with type A blood is given type O blood from a donor? | Nothing; transfusion is successful.
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| What occurs when a person with type B blood is given type AB blood from a donor? | Transfusion reaction
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| What occurs when a person with type AB blood is given type B blood from a donor? | Nothing; transfusion is successful
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| What are the TWO ways in which a person can develop Rh antibodies? | Rh- mother carries Rh+ baby. Rh- person transfused with Rh+ blood
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| What is ONE condition that opposes clotting? | Smooth endothelium, antithrombins, heparin, coumarin compounds
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| What is ONE condition that hastens clotting? | Rough spot in endothelium, slow blood flow
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| Define fibrinolysis. | Clot dissolution
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| What are the FOUR structures that make up the conduction system of the heart? | Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, AV bundle (bundle of His), subendocardial branches (purkinje fibers)
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| What causes the two heart sounds? | 1st: contraction of the ventricles, 2nd: vibrations of SL valves closing
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| List the TWO factors that influence arterial volume and pressure. | Cardiac output (CO), peripheral resistance
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| How is cardiac output calculated? | Stroke volume x heart rate
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| What are the THREE different types of arteries? | Elastic arteries, muscular arteries,arterioles.
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| What are the THREE structural layers of blood vessels? | Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima.
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| Define peripheral resistance. | Resistance to blood flow by the force of friction between blood and the walls of its vessels.
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| Describe how the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mechanism affects blood volume | .ADH increases the amount of water the kidneys resorb from urine before it is excreted so blood volume increases.
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| What is “normal” healthy blood pressure? | 120/80
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