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Touch

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Kinesthesis   show
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show perception mediated by kinesthetic & vestibular receptors  
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Somatosensation   show
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show outer of 2 major layers of skin  
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Dermis   show
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Mechanoreceptors   show
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Meissner corpuscle   show
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Merkel cell neurite complex   show
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Pacinian corpuscle   show
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show specialized nerve ending assoc. w/slow-adapting (SA 2) fibers that have large receptive fields  
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Kinesthetic   show
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show sensory receptor located in a muscle that senses its tension  
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show sensory receptors that signal info. abt changes in skin temperature  
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show sensory nerve fiber that fires when skin temp. increases  
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show sensory nerve fiber that fires when skin temp. decreases  
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show sensory receptors that transmit info. abt noxious (painful) stimulation that causes damage or potential damage to the skin  
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A-delta fiber   show
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show narrow-diameter, unmyelinated sensory nerve fiber that transmits pain and temp. signals  
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show route from the spinal cord to the brain that carries most of the info. abt skin temp. and pain  
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Dorsal column-medial lemniscal (DCML) pathway   show
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show primary receiving area for touch in the cortex; located in the parietal lobe  
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Somatosensory area 2 (S2)   show
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Somatotopic   show
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show maplike representation of regions of the body in the brain  
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show sensation perceived frm a physically amputated limb of the body  
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show ability of neural circuits to undergo changes in function or organization as a result of previous activity  
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show jellylike region of interconnecting neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord  
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Dorsal horn   show
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show description of the system that transmits pain that incorporates modulating signals frm the brain  
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show region of the brain assoc. with the perceived unpleasantness of a pain sensation  
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Prefrontal cortex (PFC)   show
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Analgesia   show
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Endogenous opiates   show
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show increased on heightened response to a normally painful stimulus  
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show min. distance @ which 2 stimuli (eg. 2 simultaneous touches) are just perceptible as separate  
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show knowledge of the world that is derived frm sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, tendons, & joints, usually involving active exploration  
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Exploratory procedure   show
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Tactile agnosia   show
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Frame of reference   show
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Egocenter   show
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show the impression of our bodies in space  
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show spatial attn. in which attn. is voluntarily directed toward the site where the observer anticipates a stimulus will occur  
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show  
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Tadoma   show
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show synthetic world that may be experienced haptically by operation of an electromechanical device that delivers forces to the hand of the user  
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show term used to refer to the sensations caused by mechanical displacements of the skin. These displacements occur any time you grasp, wield, or make contact w/an object  
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Tactile (adj. for touch)   show
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Eyes & ears can   show
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show located in the skin  
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show 1. Type of stimulation (s/a diff. stimulus events) to which the receptor responds; 2. Size of RF; size of RF refers to the extent of the body area that elicits receptor response; 3. Rate of adaptation (fast vs. slow)  
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show responds to bursts of APs, 1st when its preferred stimulus its preferred stimulus is applied & then again. Doesn’t respond during the steady state b/w stimulus onset & offset  
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Slow-adapting receptors (SA 1&2)   show
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show consists of a nerve fiber & an assoc. expanded ending. These receptors fall under the category of A-beta fibers: wide diameters that permit very fast neural conduction  
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show located @ the junction of the epidermis & dermis; and is FA type 1  
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show located @ the junction of the epidermis & dermis; and is SA type 1  
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Pacinian corpuscle   show
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show embedded in the dermis & subcutaneous tissue; & is SA type 2  
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SA 1   show
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show temporal changes in skin deformation (~5-50 Hz); low frequency vibration detection  
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FA 2   show
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show sustained downward pressure, lateral skin stretch, skin slip (low sensitivity to vibration across frequencies); finger position & stable grasp  
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show normal internal body temp. is b/w 30-36 degrees Celsius. Also respond to objects in the environment and warm or cold fibers fire accordingly  
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show have bare nerve endings & respond to various forms of tissue damage or to stimuli that have the potential to damage tissue (incl. extreme skin temps. Lower than 15 degrees or higher than 45 degrees Celsius). A- delta fibers & C fibers  
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Painful events occur in 2 stages   show
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show slower; carries most of info. frm thermoreceptors & nociceptors. A lot of synapses w/in spinal cord which slows conduction while providing a mechanism for inhibiting pain pain perception when necessary  
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Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway (DCML)   show
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Phantom limb; Vilayanur Ramachandran’s research   show
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Hand & arms areas of S1“invaded” by neurons carrying info. frm touch receptors in the face   show
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“What” system   show
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“Where”   show
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show bottom-up pain signals frm nociceptors can be blocked via a feedback circuit located in dorsal horn. As gate neurons send excitatory signals sensory info. is allowed to go in but inhibitory signals frm the gate neurons cancel transmission to the brain  
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ACC   show
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Secondary pain affect   show
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