Chapter 6 skeletal
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Function of Skeletal System | support, protection, lever system, mineral storage, blood cell formation
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| Long Bones | found in upper and lower limbs, are longer then they are wide
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| Short Bones | as broad as they are long, in wrist and ankle
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| Flat Bones | thin flattened shapes, ribs, shoulder blades
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| Irregular Bones | dont fit into other 3 categories, vertebrae and facial bones
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| Epiphysis | the 2 ends of the bone
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| Diaphysisi | the central shaft
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| Articular Cartilage | covers ends of bone where bone articulates with other bones
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| Epiphyseal plate | where bones are still growing between epiphysis and diaphysis, known as growth plates
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| Medullary Cavity | large cavity in the shaft of bones
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| Yellow Marrow | fills cavities in bone, contains mostly fat
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| Red Marrow | Blood forming cells, only site of blood formation in adults
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| Periosteum | dense connective tissus that covers the bone
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| Endosteum | thin connective tissue that covers the cavities
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| Lamellae | extracellular matrix that bone forms in thin sheets
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| Osteocytes | bone cells
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| Lacunae | spaces where osteocytes are located
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| Compact Bone | solid matrix and cells
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| Cancellous Bone | lacy network of bone with small marrow filled spaces
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| Central or Haversain Canal | contains blood vessels, lamellae is surrounded by central canal
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| Ossification | formation of bone by osteoblasts synthesis of organic matrix
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| Foramen | a hole in a bone, usually for blood vessels that have to pass through
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| Canal or Mealus | a tunnel like passageway through the bone
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| Fossa | a depression in a bone
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| Process | a projection from a bone
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| Articulations or Joints | a place where 2 bones come together
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| Synorthesis | Non Moveable joints
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| Amphiarthesis | slightly moveable joints
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| Diarthresis | Freely movable joints
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| Fibrous joints | consist of 2 bones that are united by fibrous tissue and dont move very well
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| Sutures | Fibrous joints between bones of the skull
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| Fontanels | wide sutures that newborns have
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| Cartilaginous Joints | join 2 bones by cartilage, slight movement
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| Fibrocartilage | collagen fibers that reinforce cartilage joints
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| Bursa | a pocket or sac when the synovial membrane extends
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| Bursitis | abrasion from the inflammation of a bursa
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| Saddle Joints | 2 saddle shaped surfaces oriented ant right angles to each other, movement in 2 planes
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| Hinge Joints | permit movement in one plane only
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| Menisci | shock absorbing fibrocartilage pads
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| Pivot Joints | restrict movement to rotation around a single axis
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| Ball and Socket Joints | a ball at one end adn a scoket in an adjacent bone allows wide range of movements
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| Condyloid Joints | elongated ball and socket joints, restricts movement to 2 planes
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| Flexion | bend, moves part of the body in the anterior or ventral direction
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| Extension | straighten, moves a part in a posterior or dorsal direction
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| Plantar Flextion | movement of the foot toward the planter surface
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| Dorsiflextion | movement of the foot toward the shin, when walking on heels
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| Abductis | movement away from the midline, bringing legs together
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| Pronution | elbow flexed at 90 degree angle, rotation of the forearm so the palm is down
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| Eversion | turning foot sothe bottom of foot faces laterally
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| Rotation | turning structure around its long axis, shaking head no
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| Protraction | movement in which something glides anteriorly, mouth
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| Elevation | movement in superior direction closing mouth
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| Depression | movement in an inferior direction, mouth opening
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| Excursion | movement from one side to the other, moving mandible from side to side
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| Opposition | when you make your little finger and thumb touch
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| Circumduction | occurs at freely moving joints, shoulder, arm moves so it shapes a cone shape with the shoulder
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