Psych Exam III: note
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| Which box model works better: the one-direction box or the two-direction box? | The one direction box BECAUSE it has a safe zone. It has a way to turn off the punishment, a place that the rat knows is safe. If the rat were to be constantly bombarded with a tone and shock wherever he went, he would not bother to respond to the CS.
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| What is the CS? | It's EVERYTHING that occurs before the punishment, INCLUDING THE ENVIRONMENT
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| What is the neurotic paradox? | The inability of a person to stop responding to stress in a symptomatic way despite knowing that what he/she is doing is entirely irrational.
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| What study tried to understand the neurotic paradox? | Solomon and Wynne, who introduced traumatic shock to dogs
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| What observations did Solomon and Wynne make? | With time, the dog waited longer and longer to jump after the tone. But every time the dog took a while to respond, it would become anxious immediately when the tone sounded the next time around.
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| Partial Irreversibility Hypothesis | to explain the absence of fear with extended training: the animals' quick response to the CS did not permit the time required for the elicitation of the classically conditioned fear response.
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| Conservation of Anxiety Hypothesis | to explain why a long latency response to the CS reinstated a fear response: fear to any part of the CS will be conserved unless it has been sufficiently exposed to permit full extinction
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| What part of the nervous system is engaged in Hull's theory? | Parasympathetic
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| What part of the nervous system is engaged in Mowrer's theory? | Sympathetic
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| Mowrer's Two Factor Theory of Avoidance | 1. Fear is conditioned to preceding environmental cues
2. Removing the cues will reinforce avoidance behavior
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| Seligman's Learned Helplessness Theory | Learned helplessness occurs when a repeatedly unsystematic event creates the feeling of no escape and no control.
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| Seligman and Johnson's Expectancy Theory | Explains why a dog would continue through the experiment 400+ times: there is a cognitive expectancy of shock, that if the dog does not jump he will be shocked even if he is no longer afraid of this shock.
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| Seligman's Prepared Theory | We are afraid of things like spiders and snakes and wolves because our ancestors needed to be afraid of them so that they would survive--we have inherited the fear.
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| Eysenck's Theory of Incubation | Fear will incubate over time--it will collect and grow and worsen.
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| Thomas Stampfl | Implosive Flooding therapy -- Extreme flooding therapy involving the introduction of extremely distressing thoughts/scenes narrated by the therapist
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| E. Shapiro EMDR | 10-20 voluntary bilateral rhythmic eye movements in the presence of imaginal recall of specific aspects of a particular traumatic memory
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| Joseph Wolpe | Reciprocal inhibition psychotherapy--inhibition of one response by the occurrence of another response that is mutually incompatible with it.
Also SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
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| B.F. Skinner | Token economy
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| Dollard and Miller | psychoanalytic learning theory involving: drive, cue, response, and reward
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| Salter | Hypnotherapy and self-hypnosis
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