Test 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the principal driving force of mass wasting? | Gravity
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| What factors control slope stability? | Solid Bedrock
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| What may trigger mass wasting? | Torrential rain,earthquakes,volcanic eruptions
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| Mass wasting process are based on: | A.Typeof Material,Type of Motion,Rate of Movement
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| What processes might be involved in moving water from the atmosphere to groundwater? | The Hydrologic cycle
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| Where is most of the Earth's freshwater involved? | Oceans
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| Where is most of the water on Earth located? | oceans
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| Drainage basin/watershed | total land area from which precipitation reaches a stream
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| Mass Wasting | downslope movement of rock, sediment and soil under the direct influence of gravity
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| Water | excessive amounts can cause stable slopes to fail
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| Oversteepened slopes |
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| Slope composition | solid bedrock is more stable; unconsolidated material remains stable until slope exceeds angle of repose
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| Creep | (mm or cm per year)caused by expansion/contraction of loose sediment due to wetting and drying or freezing and thawing
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| Solifluction | movement of loose material over a layer of permafrost
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| Fall | rock or sediment breaks free from a steep or vertical slope and falls (through the air)to the ground below
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| Slide | a single intact mass of rock, soil, or unconsolidated material detaches and moves downward along a plane of weakness, or slip plane
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| Slump | movement of rock of regolith as a unit along a curved surface
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| Flow | fluid movement or rock fragments/soil
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| Earthflow | usually form on hillside in wet climates when water saturates the soil
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| Debris Flow and mudflow | rapid movement of sediment and water in stream channels, usually in semiarid, mountainous regions
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| Rock avalanche | swift and dangerous. Occurs on steep slopes. Huge volume of material detaches, crashes to the ground and continues at high velocity downslope. May move on cushion of compressed air.
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| Ft/miles=80 ft/3 miles=26.66 ft/m
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| The hydrologic cycle | movement of water from one reservoir to another in the Earth system
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| Stream | water that flows in a channel
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| Drainage divide | area of high topography which separates one drainage basin from another
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| Velocity | distance/time; Not uniform within a stream; Faster in deep part of channel; faster on the outside of a curve
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| Gradient(slope) | =vertical drop/horizontal distance decreases downstream
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| Discharge | volume of water passing by an area per unit of time
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| Base level | the lowest level to which the stream can erode(often sea level)
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| Graded | there is little net erosion or deposition
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| Incised meanders | meandering channel in steep, narrow rocky channel
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| Stream terraces | remnants of a former floodplain
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| Drainage patterns | Dendritic, Radial, Rectangular, Trellis.
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| Suspended load | small particles that remain suspended in the water
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| Bed load | larger particles that move along the stream bottom
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| Saltation | bouncing
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| Traction | rolling along the bottom
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| Capacity | maximum load a stream can transport
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| Competence | the maximum particle size that a stream can transport
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| Meandering channels | forms sweeping bends(meanders)
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| Braided channels | stream choked with sandbars, no clear main channel
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| Point bar | inside bank of a meander
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| Channel bar | mid channel
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| Cut bank | eroding outer bank of a meander
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| Oxbow lake | lake formed when a meander is cut off
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| Meander scar | oxbow lake filled in with sediments
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| Backswamp | wetland on a floodplain
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| Natural leaves | deposited on stream bank during a flood
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| Yazoo tributary | flows parallel to main stream because natural levee is present
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| Alluvial fan | deposition at the Foot of mountains
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| Delta | Deposition into Standing Water
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| Zone of aeration(unsaturated zone) | pore spaces contain both air and water
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| zone of saturation | pore spaces are filled with water
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| water table | top of zone of saturation(a.may change seasonally or year to year,b.generally follows surface topography)
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| recharge | infiltration of water(mostly from precipitation)into the groundwater system
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| gaining streams | gain water because groundwater flows into streambed(if water table is above the stream)
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| losing streams | lose water that flows through streambed underground(if water table is below the stream)
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| porosity | volume of pore space in rock or sediment(expressed as percent %)
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| permeability | ability of a material to transmit water
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| aquifer | a body of geologic material that can store and can transmit significant amounts of groundwater
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| unconfined aquifer | aquifer that has no overlying impermeable rock or soil
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| Confined aquifer | aquifer that is sandwiched between impermeable rock layers
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Created by:
danyy30
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