Organic Molecules
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| Molecule | A group of atoms that is held together by covalent bonds
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| Organic molecule | If the bonding occurs between two or more carbon atoms
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| Macromolecules | Groups of molecules that are joined together.
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| What are the four main macromolecules of life? | Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Protein
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| What is the ratio of the atoms in carbohydrates? | 1 carbon atom : 2 hydrogen atoms : 1 oxygen atom
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| What are simple carbohydrates known as? | Monosaccharides
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| What are complex carbohydrates known as? | Polysaccharides
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| What are examples of a monosaccharide? | Glucose, fructose, and ribose
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| What are examples of a polysaccharide? | Glycogen, starch, and cellulose
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| What are monosaccharides and polysaccahrides used for? | Mono- Short term energy storage
Poly- Long term energy storage
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| What are Nucleic acids formed from? | Nucleotide monomers
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| What are nucleotides? | They are chemical compounds that are primarily comprised of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
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| What are the two main types or nucleic acids? | Ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)
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| What are the five nitrogen bases found in both nucleic acids? | Adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)
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| What is the difference between RNA and DNA? | RNA has Uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and is one stranded unlike DNA
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| What are lipids? | They are organic macromolecules that are insoluble in water
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| What are the most important lipids? | Fats
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| What are the two types of fats? | Saturated and unsaturated fats
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| What are proteins? | They are organic macromolecules that are composed of amino acid monomers.
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| Hormones | Are protein-containing substances that play a role in the regulation of cellular functions
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| What are antibodies? | They are substances containing proteins that play a roles i defense
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| What do enzymes do? | They help speed up cellular reactions
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| What is an active site? | They are part of the enzyme the helps it speed up the reactions. It matches the folds in the substrate's surface, like a key and a lock.
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| What are proteins involved in? | Cell signaling, cell transport, immune responses, and the cell cycle
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brittanykremer
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