68WM6 Blood Lymph Immune
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| show | B cells initiate response and produce antibodies to antigen 1. T Cells help B cells to proliferate, synthesize, and secrete appropriate antibody 3. Antigens are neutralized by antibodies, form immune complexes, or can be phagocytosed
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| According to Cellular Immunity what are the events which take place? | show 🗑
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| show | Thymus decreases in size and activity Older individuals with chronic illnesses are at increased risk for infection
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| What is Immunodeficiency? | show 🗑
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| show | An inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen
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| show | Inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen Arise when harmless substances are recognized as foreign (pollens, danders, foods, and chemicals)
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| Factors That Influence Hypersensitivity | show 🗑
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| show | Should involve the integumentary, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems Nurse should be aware of seasonal nature of complaints Subjective data Objective data
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| show | Patient history and physical exam Laboratory studies Complete Blood Count (CBC) Skin testing Total serum IgE levels RAST (radioallgergosorbent test)
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| show | Symptom management with medications Environmental control Immunotherapy
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| show | Should revolve around the specific diagnosis Inform patient regarding seasonal avoidance of offending allergens Therapeutic medication plan Focus on health promotion and health teaching for self-care management
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| What is Immunodeficiency Disease? | show 🗑
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| show | Phagocytosis Humoral response Cell-mediated response Complement Combined humoral and cell-mediated deficiency
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| Describe what a primary immunodeficiency disease is and why it occurs? | show 🗑
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| Describe what a secondary immunodeficiency disease is and why it occurs? | show 🗑
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| show | Pernicious anemia Guillain-Barre syndrome Scleroderma Jorgen's syndrome Rheumatoid arthritis Ulcerative colitis Male infertility Myasthenia gravis Multiple sclerosis Systemic lupus erythematosus Type I diabetes mellitus
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| show | Fall in blood pressure Laryngeal edema Bronchospasm Cardiovascular collapse Myocardial infarction Respiratory failure
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| show | mild, moderate, and severe
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| show | At first sign, 0.5 ml of epinephrine (Adrenalin Chloride) 1:1000 subcutaneously
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| After Epi what is the treatment for anaphylactic shock? | show 🗑
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| What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? | show 🗑
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| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus signs and symptoms? | show 🗑
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| What are some common complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? | show 🗑
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| show | Antinuclear antibody DNA antibody Complement CBC Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Sedimentation rate Coag Rheumatoid factor Rapid plasma reagin Skin and renal biopsy C-reactive protein Coomb's test Lupus erythematosus cell preparation Chest XRAY
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| show | Erythematous butterfly rash Photosensitivity Oral ulcers Polyarthralgias and polyarthritis Pleuritic pain, pleural effusion, pericarditis, and vasculitis Renal disorders
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| show | Relief of symptoms Induce remission Early alleviation of exacerbations Prevention of complications Peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis
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| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus drug therapy? | show 🗑
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| show | Avoidance of sunlight, balancing activity with rest, recognize signs and symptoms of exacerbation signs and symptoms of infection, and proper nutrition (decreased sodium intake). Provide psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual support
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| show | removal of plasma that contains components causing or thought to cause disease
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| show | Systemic lupus erythematosus Glomerulonephritis Myasthenia gravis Thrombocytopenic purpura Rheumatoid arthritis Guillain-Barre syndrome
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| show | Antinuclear antibodies (autoantibody) Antigen - antibody complexes Inflammatory mediators (comllement system)
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| Describe the Plasmapheresis procedure? | show 🗑
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| What are two common complications of Plasmapheresis? | show 🗑
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| show | Blood typing systems are available to ensure that transfusion products match the recipient's blood as closely as possible Patient's blood type and Rh factor must always be verified to be compatible with the donor transfusion
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| show | Careful selection of blood donors is important in preventing transfusion reactions Donor and recipient numbers are specific and must be thoroughly checked Patient must be identified with an arm band and last 4
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| show | Blood and blood components should be refrigerated at specific temperatures until 1/2 hour before administration must be administered within 4 hours of removal from refrigeration must be admin within 6 hours of removal Refrigerator labeled for blood
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| What size of needle should be used for blood administration? | show 🗑
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| When monitoring for admin reaction how often should you observe vital signs and what should you do if you suspect a reaction? | show 🗑
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| What has to be sent to the lab if a blood transfusion reaction occurs? | show 🗑
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| Function of the blood is to | show 🗑
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| The fibrinolytic system is activated when? | show 🗑
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| Vessel Spasm | show 🗑
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| Platelet Plug | show 🗑
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| Clotting Cascade | show 🗑
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| show | Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is present in the lining of all blood vessels, and is released after clot formation t-PA converts plasminogen into plasmin Plasmin dissolves fibrin, thereby dissolving clot Perfusion of blood vessel is reestablished
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| show | Vessel spasm Platelet plug Clotting cascade Fibrinolysis
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| Coagulopathies | show 🗑
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| show | Platelet disorder exhibiting a deficiency of the number of circulating platelets or change in the function of platelets Number of platelets is reduced below 100,000/mm3 (Normal is 150,000 to 450,000/mm3)
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| show | Decreased production plts Aplastic anemia Leukemia Tumors/chemo Decreased plt survival Antibody destruction Infection/viral invasion Altered plt function/increased plt consumption DIC Most common is thrombocytopenia purpura
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| Thrombocytopenia | show 🗑
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| show | Recent viral infection Current use of medications Extent of alcohol ingestion History of bleeding tendencies
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| Objective data for Thrombocytopenia | show 🗑
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| Thrombocytopenia Diagnostic | show 🗑
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| show | Corticosteroid therapy Intravenous gamma globulin or immunosuppressive drugs Transfusion of platelets with bleeding (Maintain platelets >50,000/mm3) Plasmapheresis Splenectomy with chronic condition
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| Thrombocytopenia Nursing Interventions | show 🗑
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| show | Instruction on specific signs and symptoms as well as preventive measures Soft toothbrush Gentle nose blowing Importance of notifying physician of signs and symptoms of bleeding
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| Hemophilia | show 🗑
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| show | Internal or external hemorrhage with large ecchymosis into tissues Muscles show deformity and joints become ankylosed (immobile) Hemarthrosis- ankles, knees, and elbows Pain, erythema and fever with hemarthrosis Excessive bleeding from small cuts
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| Subjective and Objective Data of Hemophilia | show 🗑
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| Diagnostic testing for Hemophilia | show 🗑
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| What is important to remember regarding Hemophilia? | show 🗑
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| What is the medical management of Hemophilia? | show 🗑
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| What are some nursing interventions for Hemophilia? | show 🗑
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| show | understanding of avoiding injury (-Avoid ASA) understanding of emergency care Immobilize/Pressure Ice Contract physician Obtain medical alert avoidance of obesity as weight puts extra pressure on joints with potential for bleeding
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| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | show 🗑
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| Describe the process of DIC | show 🗑
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| What is the cause of DIC? | show 🗑
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| What is the subjective signs for DIC? | show 🗑
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| What is the objective signs for DIC? | show 🗑
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| How is DIC diagnosed? | show 🗑
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| show | Correct the underlying cause, stop the abnormal coagulation and control bleeding Treat underlying hypoxemia, acidosis Treat underlying infection Remove inciting trigger
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| How is volume replaced in DIC? | show 🗑
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| show | Monitor for thrombosis and fibrinolysis Control bleeding and report to physician Monitor for end-organ damage for microvascular thrombi and report Monitor labs Maintain circulating volume Protect from bleeding and trauma
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| show | Aspirin Digitalis derivatives Furosemide Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Oral hypoglycemics Penicillins Quinidine Rifampicin Sulfonamides Thiazides Rantitidine
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| Identify the causes of thrombocytopenia, hemophilia and DIC *****? | show 🗑
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| Von Willibrand's disease | show 🗑
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| show | Cryoprecipitate transfusion containing factors VIII, recombinant factor VIII, fibrinogen and/or fresh plasma Desmopressin (DDAVP) is becoming the treatment choice of mild hemophilia
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| show | Factor 8
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| Name two nursing diagnosis associated with a patient with a coagulation disorder | show 🗑
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| AGRANULOCYTOSIS | show 🗑
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| AGRANULOCYTOSIS Causes | show 🗑
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| show | Fever and chills Headache and fatigue Ulcerations of the mucous membranes Bronchial pneumonia and urinary tract infections in later stages
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| AGRANULOCYTOSIS Subjective and Objective Signs and Symptoms | show 🗑
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| show | WBC w/differential- decreased WBC Bone marrow biopsy – suppressed activity Cultures to identify possible infective organism
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| AGRANULOCYTOSIS Main Medical Managament Goal | show 🗑
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| AGRANULOCYTOSIS Nursing Interventions | show 🗑
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| show | S/S of infection Frequent oral hygiene Avoid crowds, infected people, cold or hot environment Medication, diet and rest
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| show | A malignant disorder of the hematopoietic system which an excess leukocytes accumulates in the bone marrow & lymph nodes WBC replaces bone marrow Abnormal concentration & forms of immature cells found These cells infiltrate lymph nodes, spleen and liver
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| show | Genetic origins Viruses Exposure to radiation or chemotherapeutic agents
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| show | Anemia Thrombocytopenia (petechiae, epistaxis, easy bruising) Leukopenia (fever, URI, UTI) Enlarged lymph nodes and painless splenomegaly may be first sign
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| show | CBC- low, elevated, or severely elevated WBCs Bone marrow biopsy – immature leukocytes Lymph node biopsy – excessive immature WBCs Chest xray mediastinal lymph nodes, lung involvement Peripheral smear – immature WBCs CT/Lumbar puncture
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| Leukemia Subjective and Objective Data | show 🗑
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| show | Neutropenic prec Pt teaching on the avoidance of infect agents Observe for s/s of infection Monitor for graft vs. host complications non-pharm comfort measures Provide analgesics as order and monitor effects Monitor CBC prtect pt from injury
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| Leukemia Medical Management | show 🗑
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| show | achieve remission or control symptoms Treatment is aimed at eradicating the leukemia with chemotherapy or bone marrow transplant
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| show | Monitor for feelings of abandonment and loneliness Monitor and treat side effects of chemo/rad Obtain thorough knowledge of chemo and prophylactic drugs Encourage pt to verbalize anxiety, fear, anger, helplessness Recommend community support groups
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| Leukemia Patient Teaching | show 🗑
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| show | Malignant neoplastic immunodeficiency disease of the bone marrow The tumor destroys osseous tissue. Plasmas cells proliferate, destroys bone by crowding bone marrow
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| MULTIPLE MYELOMA Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
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| show | Subjective Pain with movement Assess emotional and spiritual support Objective Expressions of pain Able to perform ADL Fever, s/s of infection esp resp. and urinary Monitor for bleeding
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| show | CBC – pancytopenia Radiographic studies-demineralization of bone, lytic lesions and osteoporosis Bone marrow biopsy – large amt of immature plasma cell Blood and urine- monoclonal protein is marker Protein electrophoresis – Bence Jones protein
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| MULTIPLE MYELOMA Medical Management | show 🗑
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| show | Maintain neutropenic precautions/clean patient environment. Teach/assess/observe signs/symptoms of infection. Provide high protien, high calorie, high vitamin diet Monitor CBC and report abnomal values Administer antibiotics, as ordered
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| show | Inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessels or channels caused by an acute streptococcal or staphylococcal infection in an extremity
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| show | Fine red streaks from the affected area in the groin or axilla Usually not localized, and edema is diffuse Chills, fever, and local pain accompany headache and myalgiaLymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) Septicemia may occur
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| LYMPHANGITIS Diagnosis | show 🗑
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| show | Administration of penicillin or other antimicrobial drugs controls the infection Hot, moist heat-soaks or packs for comfort
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| LYMPHANGITIS Nursing Interventions | show 🗑
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| show | an acute streptococcal or staphylococcal infection in an extremity
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| LYMPHEDEMA | show 🗑
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| show | Massive edema and tightness cause pressure and pain in the affected extremities Progresses toward the trunk and aggravated by: Pressure, as with pregnancy or premenstruation Obesity Warm, humid environments
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| LYMPHEDEMA Subjective and Objective Data | show 🗑
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| show | Lymphangiography is used to differentiate lymphedema from venous disorders
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| show | Fluid management/ antimicrobials are administered as ordered Diet restrictions include limiting sodium and avoiding spicy foods, which would precipitate thirst
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| LYMPHEDEMA Complications | show 🗑
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| show | Increase lymphatic drainage Elevation of the extremities while asleep and periodically during the day will facilitate draining the tissues Massage toward the trunk followed by active exercise decreases the edema Avoid constrictive clothing
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| show | Monitor/prevent infections Avoid trauma Meticulous skin care Emotional support Body image disturbance secondary to lymphedematous extremities Teach/assess understanding of importance of acceptance and maintaining routine activity
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| show | Neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue (a neoplasm of the immune system) Cause is unkown herpes-like virus Includes non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma More common in men older than 60 years of age, whites and those of Jewish ancestry Tumors start in lymph nodes
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| MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
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| show | Subjective Complaints of fatigue, malaise and anorexia Fever and diaphoresis Objective Examination of the abdomen for splenomegaly Lympadenopathy
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| show | Bone scan may reveal fractures, lesions, and tumor infiltration CBC-increased RBCs, WBCs, platelets, ESR and anemia Chemistry- increased calcium and alkaline phosphatase Coombs’ test-
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| show | Accurate staging is crucial to determine the treatment regimen Chemotherapy and radiation. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies Bone marrow transplant
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| MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA Nursing Interventions | show 🗑
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| MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA Patient Teaching | show 🗑
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| LYMPHOMAS Chemotherapy agents used are: | show 🗑
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| show | Commonly receive radiation to the chest wall, mediastinum, axillae, and neck Some patients will also need radiation to the abdomen; paraaortic area; spleen; and, less commonly, the pelvis
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| MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THERAPY- RITUXIMAB | show 🗑
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| What is special about MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THERAPY- RITUXIMAB ? | show 🗑
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| BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT | show 🗑
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| List three treatments of lymphomas. | show 🗑
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| HODGKIN’S DISEASE | show 🗑
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| HODGKIN’S DISEASE Risk Factors | show 🗑
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| HODGKIN’S DISEASE Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
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| show | Malaise Appetite loss Pruritus is often severe Bone pain occurs later in the disease’s course Cervical/supraclavicular lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and abdominal tenderness Excoriation of skin Edema of face and neck
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| show | CBC-shows anemia, increased WBCs, increased ESR (shows an inflammatory process) Lymph node biopsy that includes laparoscopy for retroperitoneal nodes is performed The presence of Reed-Sternberg Cells remains a hallmark
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| HODGKIN’S DISEASE Treatment | show 🗑
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| show | given in cycles 6 to 12 months, or for at least 2 months after remission Traditional regimen has been MOPP, however patients were developing leukemia Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) Vincristine (Oncovin) Procarbazine (Matulane) Prednisone
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| show | ABVD over MOPP, or replacing mechlorethamine with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) to decrease the likelihood of long-term complications doxorubicin (Adriamycin) bleomycin (Blenoxane) vinblastine (Velban) dacarbazine (DTIC-DOME)
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| show | Stimulates proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils Used to decrease infection in patients receiving antineoplastics that suppress neutrophil production
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| HODGKIN’S DISEASE Nursing Interventions | show 🗑
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| How many stages exist for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma? | show 🗑
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| Oral administration of iron preparations increase the risk of | show 🗑
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| Ingestion of large amounts of aspirin and other anti-inflammatory medications commonly taken by older adults increase risk of | show 🗑
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| Blood products should be administered with caution, since | show 🗑
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| What is the current treatment for Hodgkin’s Disease? | show 🗑
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| show | Loss of RBCs from hemorrhage Destruction of RBCs Impaired production of RBCs Nutritional deficiencies
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| What is anemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit resulting from hemorrhage Blood loss of 1000 ml or more in adult can be severe Blood loss < 500ml can be tolerated
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| Hypovolemic Anemia Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
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| Hypovolemic Anemia Subjective and Objective Data | show 🗑
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| Hypovolemic Anemia Diagnosis | show 🗑
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| show | Control hemorrhage Stop bleeding Replace volume Blood transfusion Plasma Dextran or other volume expanders Crystalloids
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| show | Control bleeding Identify sites of blood loss and report Frequent vital signs, report deterioration Monitor blood and fluid restoration Patient flat and warm Raise knees for acute hypotensive episodes Strict I&Os
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| show | Prevent injury to patients Patient teaching Teach/assess understanding for patients with chronic bleeding tendencies Signs/symptoms of bleeding Bleeding occasions Home management When to contact physician
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| Pernicious Anemia | show 🗑
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| show | Fever Extreme weakness Dyspnea Hypoxia Slight jaundiced Edema of legs Constipation or diarrhea
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| show | Palpitations Nausea, dysphagia, flatulence and indigestion Soreness and burning of the tongue Parasthesias (tingling of hands and feet) may develop
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| show | Observation of smooth and erythematous tongue Infection of teeth and gums Mental disorientation, personality changes and behavior problems Partial or total paralysis due to destruction of the nerve fibers of the spinal cord
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| show | Schillings test Megablastic anemia profile Bone marrow aspiration Gastric analysis Peripheral blood smear
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| show | Drug therapy Vit B12 Folic acid and iron supplements Blood transfusion if anemia severe Long term management Life long B12 replacement CBC monitoring every 3-6 months
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| show | Systematic approach Monitor vital signs every 4 hours Keep patient warm Oral care several times day High protein, vitamin, and mineral diet
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| show | erythrocytes membranes fragile and easy to rupture Nerve myelination – B12 deficiency results in progressive demyelination and degeneration of nerves and white matter
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| Pernicious Anemia Patient Teaching | show 🗑
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| What is the schillings test and describe the procedure? | show 🗑
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| Aplastic Anemia | show 🗑
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| Aplastic Anemia Causes | show 🗑
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| show | Repeated infections with high fever Weakness fatigue, general malaise Dyspnea, palpitations Bleeding tendencies ( petechiae, ecchymoses, GI/GU bleeding) High mortality with complications of infections and hemorrhage
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| show | Subjective History of chemical exposure Level of fatigue with ADLs Objective Pallor Signs of infection Bleeding Dyspnea Tachycardia
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| show | Bone marrow biopsy = “dry tap” Hypoplastic or aplastic fatty deposits Decreased cellular elements Decreased hematopoietic activity Peripheral blood smear May not show RBC irregularities
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| Aplastic Anemia Treatment | show 🗑
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| show | Proper observation and care after bone marrow study Monitor/prevent infections Teach/assess understanding of signs/symptoms of infection and need to report to physician Use protective devices, such as egg crate mattress
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| show | Teach/assess understanding of the signs/symptoms of bleeding and need to report to physician Teach/assess understanding of scheduling activities and avoiding fatigue
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| show | Bone Marrow Failure
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| show | Prevention of iron overloading, prevention of antibody development for transplant candidates, platelet transfusion, as needed – must be HLA typed
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia | show 🗑
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia | show 🗑
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia Subjective or Objective Data | show 🗑
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia Diagnosis | show 🗑
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| show | Drug therapy Ferrous sulfate Vitamin C to enhance iron absorption Food sources rich in iron
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| Iron Deficiency Anemia Nursing Interventions | show 🗑
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| show | Educate patient on nutritional needs to prevent anemia. Foods high in iron include organ meats, white bean, leafy vegetables, raisins, molasses, dry fruits, and egg yolk plan for rest periods when fatigue is present
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| show | Pallor
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| Sickle Cell Anemia | show 🗑
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| show | Dehydration Infection Overexertion Weather changes (cold) Ingestion of alcohol and Smoking Emotional stress
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| show | Usually asymptomatic for first 10-12 weeks of life Typical patient is anemic but asymptomatic except during painful episodes Loss of appetite and irritability Abdominal enlargement with pooling of blood Joint/back pain Edema of extremities
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| show | Patient knowledge and feelings about disease process Known precipitating factors Fatigue when anemia is severe Pain description; location, intensity, character, duration
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| show | Abdominal enlargement and jaundice Edema of extremities Signs of hemorrhage Accelerated RBCs breakdown with jaundice and elevated serum bilirubin levels
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| Sickle Cell Anemia Diagnosis | show 🗑
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| show | Supportive care mainly Drug therapy Rest Blood transfusion used cautiously to treat a crisis Patients should receive pneumovax and flu vaccine annually Research
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| show | Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance Monitor and maintain pain control Genetic counseling as indicated Encourage patient to verbalize feelings/concerns regarding chronic medical condition
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| show | Fluid management and pain
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| show | Vera Myeloproliferative disorder with hyperplasia of bone marrow causing increased circulating erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets A stem cell abnormality of unknown cause Associated elevated WBC with basophilia
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| Polycythemia Secondary | show 🗑
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| Polycythemia Clinical Manifestations | show 🗑
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| Polycythemia Subjective and Objective Data | show 🗑
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| Polycythemia Diagnosis | show 🗑
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| Polycythemia Treatment | show 🗑
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| show | Secondary polycythemia Maintain adequate oxygenation to prevent secondary polycythemia Control pulmonary disease and avoid high altitudes Polycythemia vera Monitor fluid balance
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| Polycythemia Patient Teaching | show 🗑
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| show | Thrombosis due to the abnormal increased number of circulating RBCs and platelets
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| Beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses | show 🗑
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| A judgment of the Supreme Court has been that a person of adult majority age has the right to refuse treatment but not to what? | show 🗑
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| show | Autologous transfusions and certain volume expanders
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| Active Immunity | show 🗑
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| show | Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids Acellular pertussis vaccine Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine Hepatitis A vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine Influenza vaccine Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pneumococ
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| show | occurs when an individual is given a killed or weakened antigen, which stimulates the formation of antibodies against the antigen.
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| show | antibody-antigen response.
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| Cell Mediated Immunity | show 🗑
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| Naturally Acquired Active Immunity | show 🗑
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| show | is provided to the person by ready-made antibodies from another human or from an animal source. Immediate immunity to the invading antigen, but only last a short time.
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| show | B Cells
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| What is the use of immunization or vaccines? | show 🗑
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| Immunization with vaccines and toxoids containing bacterial or viral antigenic material results in? Examples? | show 🗑
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| show | immunization.
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| hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix, Vaqta): | show 🗑
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| hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B, Recombivax HB): | show 🗑
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| show | prevention of influenza.
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| show | prevention of measles, mumps, rubella; adults with unreliable history; MMR illness or immunization and occupational exposure.
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| show | immunization against streptococcus pneumonia.
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| show | pneumoncoccal immunization. Everyone > 65 yrs, high-risk pts with chronic illnesses including HIV and other high risk pts.
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| polio vaccine, inactivated (IPV, IPOL, Polio-vax): | show 🗑
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| varicella vaccine (Varivax): | show 🗑
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| Contraindications for Vaccines/Immunizations? | show 🗑
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| influenza vaccine (Fluzone, FluShield, Fluvirin) contraindications? | show 🗑
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| measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR II)contraindications? | show 🗑
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| show | Severe bleeding problems (IM injections). Pregnancy and lactation. Renal insufficiency or predisposition to acute renal. Elderly and children. Active Infections.
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| Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Immune globulins: | show 🗑
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| show | Redness, tenderness, induration at site. Fever. Malaise. Myalgia. Urticaria. Hypotension. Neurologic reactions. Allergic reactions.
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| show | Treatment for anaphylaxis may require the administration of epinephrine. Vasopressors and intermittent positive-pressure breathing oxygen, antihistamines, and corticosteroids may help.
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| The following are used with corticosteroids for the prevention of transplantation rejection reactions: | show 🗑
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| show | basiliximab (Simulect). daclizumab (Zenapax). sirolimus (Rapamune).
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| Prevention of organ rejection (allogenic liver transplantation); used with corticosteroids: | show 🗑
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| Management of selected autoimmune diseases (nephrotic syndrome of childhood and severe rheumatoid arthritis): | show 🗑
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| Immunosuppressants Contraindications? | show 🗑
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| show | Most common: increased risk of infection. Neuro: trembling or shaking of hands. GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting. Hemat: megalopblastic anemia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia.
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| show | Monitor for infection (vital signs, sputum, urine, stool, WBC). Neutrophils (normal value): 3000-7000 mm3. Neutropenia: < 1000 mm3.
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| In Severe neutropenia: < 500 mm3 what should the nurse do? | show 🗑
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| show | Unusual tiredness or weakness. Fever or chills. Frequent need to urinate.
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| Organ Transplant: assess for symptoms of organ rejection throughout therapy. | show 🗑
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| show | nausea, vomiting, leg cramps, acne or oily skin, hirutism, tremors, nepthrotoxity, gingival hyperplasia and severe hypotension.
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| show | Azathioprine’s adverse effects include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, infection, and megaloblastic anemia; increased appetite is not among the possible effects.
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| show | other nephrotoxic drugs, large doses of aspirin, or NSAIDs.
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| Use of Antineoplastics? | show 🗑
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| Contraindications of antineoplastics? | show 🗑
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| Precautions of antineoplastics? | show 🗑
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| show | memory loss tinnituys, ototoxicity cardiotoxicity nausea, vomiting, diarrhea/constipation, malnutrition, weight loss/gain nephrotoxicity pain anemia, hepatotoxicity, depression of immune system, hence infections/sepsis/hemorrhage hair loss
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| The nurse is aware that classifications of chemotherapy agents include which of the following? | show 🗑
|
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| show | decrease uric acid levels.
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| Assess for cytokine release syndrome CRS? | show 🗑
|
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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