Vitamins & Minerals
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| What are the two forms of Vitamin A? | Retinol and Beta-carotine
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| What are the fat-soluble vitamins? | Vitamins A,D,E,K
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| What are the water-soluble vitamins? | B complex and C
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| What does a provitamin require? | It requires conversion in the body to be in a complete state.
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| What are the main functions of Vitamin A? | Vision, maintenance of a healthy epithelium, skeletal and tooth development, normal cellular proliferation
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| What is carotenemia? | When the skin become yellow
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| What are some symptoms of hypervitaminosis A? | Headaches, blurred vision, joint and bone pain, dry skin and poor appetite
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| Where can you find Vitamin A? | Yellow vegetables, peaches, cantaloupe, fish oils, fortified milk and dairy products
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| Where can you find Vitamin D? | Milk, margarine, cereals, fish and sunlight
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| What are the main functiosn of Vitamin D? | Absorption and renal function of calcium and mobilization of calcium & phosphorus from the bone
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| Vitamin D deficiency leads to: | Rickets, Poor dental health, Tetany and Osteomalacia
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| Vitamin A deficiency leads to: | Blindness, Skin changes, inadequate tooth and bone development and degeneration of cells leading to infection
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| What is the role of Vitamin E? | An antioxidant, which assists in maintaining integrity of cellular membranes
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| Vitamin E deficiency leads to: | Destruction of red blood cells, poor reflexes and impaired neuromuscular functioning
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| Where can you find Vitamin E? | Vegetable oils, soy beans, corn and peanuts
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| What is the function of Vitamin K? | Formation of prothrombin and other clotting factors
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| Where can you find Vitamin K? | Green leafy vegetables, cabbage, cauliflower, egg yolk and liver
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| Vitamin K deficiency leads to: | Increased tendency for hemorrhage
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| What are B-1's (thiamine) functions? | Carbohydrate metabolism and adequate nerve functioning
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| B-1 Thiamine deficiency leads to: | Poor appetite, mental depression, fatigue, constipation, neuritis, and beriberi
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| Where can you find B-1 Thiamine? | Organ meats, port, whoel and enriched grain, nuts, potatoes, eggs and milk
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| The function of B-2 (riboflavin) is: | Protein and carbohydrate metabolism and promotes healthy skin and vision
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| B-2 (riboflavin) deficiency leads to: | Cracking and fissures of side of mouth and poor vision
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| Where can you find B-2 (riboflavin)? | Milk, dairy, eggs, organ meats, green leafy vegetables
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| The functions of B-3 (Niacin) are: | Glycogen metabolism, tissue regeneration and fat synthesis
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| B-3 (niacin) deficiency leads to: | Pellagra (fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, neurologic degeneration and dermatitis)
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| Where can you find B-3 (niacin)? | Kidney, liver, poultry, lean meat, fish, yeast, peanut buter, dried peas and beans
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| The functions of B-6 (pyridoxine) are: | amino acid metabolism, blood formation and maintenance of nervous tissue
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| Deficiency of B-6 (Pyridoxine) leads to: | Dermatitis, convulsions and anemia
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| Where can you find B-6 (Pyridoxine)? | Chicken, fish, wheat germ, organ meats, egg yolk, whole grains, potatoes and bananas
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| What are the main functions of B-12? | Formation of healthy RBD and absorption
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| B-12 deficiency leads to: | Pernicious anemia
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| What are the symptoms of pernicious anemia? | Pallor, dypsnea, weakness, fatigue and palpitations
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| Where can you find B-12? | Liver, kidney, shrimp, eggs, shellfish, meats, milk and cheese
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| What are the FOUR functions of Vitamin C? | Protects against infection, provides adequate wound healing, promotes iron absorption and collagen formation
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| Deficiency in Vitamin C can elad to: | Poor wound healing, join pain, anemia, increased susceptibility to infection and scurvy
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| Where can you find Vitamin C? | Citrus fruits, green peppers, strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli and sweet and white potatoes
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| What is the most abunant mineral in the body? | Calcium
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| What is calcium necessary for? | Bone and tooth formation, contractions/relaxation of muscles, nerve impulse transmission and conversion of prothrombin to thrombni
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| Which vitamin is essential to Calcium regulation? | Vitamin D
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| Where can you find calcium? | Dairy products, green leafy vegetables and seafood
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| Calcium deficiency leads to: | stunted growth, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and tetany
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| What are essential for calcium absorption? | Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, ascorbic acid, lactose and physical activity
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| Where is iron mostly found in the body? | In hemoglobin
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| Iron's major function is: | Oxygen transport
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| Which vitamin enhances the absoption of iron? | Vitamin C
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| Iron deficiency leads to: | Anemia
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| Which foods contain iron? | Liver, lean meats, dried beans, fortified cereals
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| Where is sodium primarily found in the body? | In the extra cellular fluid
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| What are the functions of sodium? | Maintenance of fluid and acid-base balance
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| How much percent of sodium intake is from natural sources? | 10%
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| How much percent of sodium intake is from discretionary salt addition? | 15%
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| How much percent of sodium intake is from processed foods? | 75%
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| Where is potassium primarily found in the body? | In the intracellular fluid
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| What are the functions of postassium? | Protein synthsis, fluid balance and regulation of muscle contraction
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| Potassium deficiency can lead to: | Vomiting, diarrhea, non-potassium sparing diuretics and ketoacidosis
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| What is hypokalemia? | Low potassium
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| What is hyperkalemia? | High Potassium
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| Where can you find potassium? | Yellow fruits (bananas, cantaloupe, oranges) and some vegetables
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| What is water's main function? | Maintenance of cell function
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| What signals the need for water? | Thirst
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| What are the two types of carbohydrates? | Simple and Complex
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| What are carbohydrates composted of? | Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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| What are the two types of simple sugars? | Monosaccharides and disaccharides
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| What are some examples of simple carbohydrates? | Sugars, honey, fruit and milk
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| What are some complex carbohydrates? | Bread, pasta, rice and potatoes
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| Which three categories supplies the body with energy? | Carbohydrates, proteins and fats
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| Which four categories helps to regular body processes? | Vitamins, minerals, trace elements and water
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| What is the main function of carbohydrates? | Providing energy
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