Bowel and Urinary
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| When should you give diuretics? | In the day time
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| What physical assessments should you do when it comes to BOWEL elimination? | Inspection, Percussion, Palpation
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| What should you INSPECT for in urinary elimination? | No bladder distention
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| What should you PERCUSS for in urinary elimination? | Hollow sound
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| What should you PALPATE for in urinary elimination? | No bladder at all! (If bladder is present, it is distended)
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| Cytoscopy | Direct visual in bladder
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| Renal biopsy | evaluates for tumors and cancer
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| Anuria | Failure to urinate
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| Proteinuria | Protein the urine
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| Diuresis | Increased urine production
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| Dysuria | Painful urination
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| Micturation | Urination
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| Nocturia | Excessive urination at night
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| Oliguria | Producing small amounts of urine
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| Urinary retention | Holding urine the in the bladder
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| Polyuria | Too much urine
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| Urinary incontinence | No control of urine flow
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| Constipation | difficult passage of hard dry stools
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| Impaction | Collection of hardened feces, wedged in the rectum
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| Diarrhea | Liquid, unformed feces
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| Incontinence | Inability to control passage of feces & gas
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| Flatulence | Gas in the lumen
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| Distention | Stretched beyond normal dimensions
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| Hemorrhoids | dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum
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| What should you do physical assessment when it comes to URINARY elimination? | Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation, Measurement of Ab Girth and Perirectal Examination
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| What should you inspect in bowel elimination? | Symmetrical abdomen and contour should be convex or flat
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| What should you ausculate in bowel elimination? | Bowel sounds every 5-30 seconds in all quads
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| What should you percuss in bowel elimination? | hollow, tympany sounds in LUQ (stomach)
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| What should you palpate in bowel elimination? | soft abdomen
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| T/F you should listen to the abdomen before percussing | TRUE !
The latter manuevers may alter the frequency of bowel sounds
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| What are normal bowel sounds? | Clicks and gurgles
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| Borborygmi | loud, prolonged gurgles of hyper peristalsis
(STOMACH GROWLING)
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| Paralytic ileus | absence of BS greater than 72 hours
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| T/F - To detect abnormal masses, you should massage abdomen in a circluar motion | True
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| Light palpation is to look for: | normal skin temp and moisture
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| Deep palpation is to look for: | location & size of organs and to detect masses
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| Percussion in the abdomen determines: | Whether an organ is air filled, fluid filled or solid
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| Three main intervention for constipation: | Ensure adequate fluid intake, high fiber foods and use of laxatives
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| Bulk laxative | Metamucil attract water into the large intestines (** needs LARGE amounts of water!!)
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| Stool softeners | Allows water to enter the stool easily
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| Saline | attract and retain water in the intestinal lumen (which increases pressure and therefore softens stools)
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| Stimulant | direct stimulation of the intestine mucosa, altering water and electrolyte secretion
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| Hypokalemia | Low levels of potassium
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| ** What should you keep in mind when making intervention for diarrhea? | Maintaining skin integrity and fluid status !! *
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| Absorbents | absorbs excess fluids (peptol bismal)
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| Bulk Forming Agents | Psyllium soaks up water in the colon, helping to firm stool
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| Opiates | (Codeine)
Increases H2O and electrolyte absorption
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| Synthetic Agents | (Immodium) Decrease intestinal motility
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| Antispasmodics | (Atrophine) Decreases intestinal motility
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| Fecal incontinence can cause: | perineal irritation
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| What is the highest priority in intervention for fecal incontinence? | Maintaining skin integrity
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| What is a dietary intervention for constipation? | Increased intake of high fiber foods
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| What are some dietary intervention for diarrhea? | Avoid spicy foods or laxative type foods, intake LOW fiber foods and replace lost fluids
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| Dietary interventions for flatulence include: | Avoid gas forming foods - beans, cabbage, onions, cauliflower and beer
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| Stoma | portion of intestine brought through the abdominal wall
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| Colostomy | opening created using a portion of the large intestine
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| Ileostomy | Opening created using the ileum (small intestine)
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| Enema | Liquid or gas is injected into the rectum
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| Risk factors for colon cancer: | Age over 50
Family history
Hx of inflammatory bowel diseases
Living in an urban area
Diet (high/low fiber intake)
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| Warning signs of colon cancer: | Changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding
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| Defecation reflex | normal response to bowel movement
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| Flatus | Gas in or from the stomach
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| Gastric lavage | Washing out the stomach with sterile water
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| Gavage | Tube feeding
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| Gulac | Component to determine presence of occult blood
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| Meconium | Earliest stools of an infant
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| Ostomate | Person with an ostomy
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| Peristalsis | Involuntary constriction and relaxation of digestive tract muscles
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| Sigmoidscopy | Exam of the colon in search for polyps
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| Polyps | Abnormal tissue growth
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| Suppository | Drug delivery system into the rectum
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Created by:
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