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Elimination
Bowel and Urinary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When should you give diuretics? | In the day time |
| What physical assessments should you do when it comes to BOWEL elimination? | Inspection, Percussion, Palpation |
| What should you INSPECT for in urinary elimination? | No bladder distention |
| What should you PERCUSS for in urinary elimination? | Hollow sound |
| What should you PALPATE for in urinary elimination? | No bladder at all! (If bladder is present, it is distended) |
| Cytoscopy | Direct visual in bladder |
| Renal biopsy | evaluates for tumors and cancer |
| Anuria | Failure to urinate |
| Proteinuria | Protein the urine |
| Diuresis | Increased urine production |
| Dysuria | Painful urination |
| Micturation | Urination |
| Nocturia | Excessive urination at night |
| Oliguria | Producing small amounts of urine |
| Urinary retention | Holding urine the in the bladder |
| Polyuria | Too much urine |
| Urinary incontinence | No control of urine flow |
| Constipation | difficult passage of hard dry stools |
| Impaction | Collection of hardened feces, wedged in the rectum |
| Diarrhea | Liquid, unformed feces |
| Incontinence | Inability to control passage of feces & gas |
| Flatulence | Gas in the lumen |
| Distention | Stretched beyond normal dimensions |
| Hemorrhoids | dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum |
| What should you do physical assessment when it comes to URINARY elimination? | Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation, Measurement of Ab Girth and Perirectal Examination |
| What should you inspect in bowel elimination? | Symmetrical abdomen and contour should be convex or flat |
| What should you ausculate in bowel elimination? | Bowel sounds every 5-30 seconds in all quads |
| What should you percuss in bowel elimination? | hollow, tympany sounds in LUQ (stomach) |
| What should you palpate in bowel elimination? | soft abdomen |
| T/F you should listen to the abdomen before percussing | TRUE ! The latter manuevers may alter the frequency of bowel sounds |
| What are normal bowel sounds? | Clicks and gurgles |
| Borborygmi | loud, prolonged gurgles of hyper peristalsis (STOMACH GROWLING) |
| Paralytic ileus | absence of BS greater than 72 hours |
| T/F - To detect abnormal masses, you should massage abdomen in a circluar motion | True |
| Light palpation is to look for: | normal skin temp and moisture |
| Deep palpation is to look for: | location & size of organs and to detect masses |
| Percussion in the abdomen determines: | Whether an organ is air filled, fluid filled or solid |
| Three main intervention for constipation: | Ensure adequate fluid intake, high fiber foods and use of laxatives |
| Bulk laxative | Metamucil attract water into the large intestines (** needs LARGE amounts of water!!) |
| Stool softeners | Allows water to enter the stool easily |
| Saline | attract and retain water in the intestinal lumen (which increases pressure and therefore softens stools) |
| Stimulant | direct stimulation of the intestine mucosa, altering water and electrolyte secretion |
| Hypokalemia | Low levels of potassium |
| ** What should you keep in mind when making intervention for diarrhea? | Maintaining skin integrity and fluid status !! * |
| Absorbents | absorbs excess fluids (peptol bismal) |
| Bulk Forming Agents | Psyllium soaks up water in the colon, helping to firm stool |
| Opiates | (Codeine) Increases H2O and electrolyte absorption |
| Synthetic Agents | (Immodium) Decrease intestinal motility |
| Antispasmodics | (Atrophine) Decreases intestinal motility |
| Fecal incontinence can cause: | perineal irritation |
| What is the highest priority in intervention for fecal incontinence? | Maintaining skin integrity |
| What is a dietary intervention for constipation? | Increased intake of high fiber foods |
| What are some dietary intervention for diarrhea? | Avoid spicy foods or laxative type foods, intake LOW fiber foods and replace lost fluids |
| Dietary interventions for flatulence include: | Avoid gas forming foods - beans, cabbage, onions, cauliflower and beer |
| Stoma | portion of intestine brought through the abdominal wall |
| Colostomy | opening created using a portion of the large intestine |
| Ileostomy | Opening created using the ileum (small intestine) |
| Enema | Liquid or gas is injected into the rectum |
| Risk factors for colon cancer: | Age over 50 Family history Hx of inflammatory bowel diseases Living in an urban area Diet (high/low fiber intake) |
| Warning signs of colon cancer: | Changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding |
| Defecation reflex | normal response to bowel movement |
| Flatus | Gas in or from the stomach |
| Gastric lavage | Washing out the stomach with sterile water |
| Gavage | Tube feeding |
| Gulac | Component to determine presence of occult blood |
| Meconium | Earliest stools of an infant |
| Ostomate | Person with an ostomy |
| Peristalsis | Involuntary constriction and relaxation of digestive tract muscles |
| Sigmoidscopy | Exam of the colon in search for polyps |
| Polyps | Abnormal tissue growth |
| Suppository | Drug delivery system into the rectum |
Created by:
jpalao
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