Gylys
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| OB-GYN | short for obstetrician gynecologist, a physuician specializing in womens health care and childbirth
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| postpartum | after birth
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| neonatology | study of the care of the newborn, treatment and diagnosis of disorders of the newborn
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| urology | study of the urinary system and the reproductive system (only in men)
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| purpose of reproductive system | to produce and unite gametes and transport them to the site of fertilization, produce hormones
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| gametes | reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells
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| gonads | reproductive glands-male, testes; female, ovaries
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| ovulation | process in which an egg is released from the ovary
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| menstruation, menses | Monthly shedding of uterine lining
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| menopause | the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
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| lactation | the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands
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| female internal repro organs | ovaries, uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes
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| female external genitalia | Vulva: mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, Bartholin glands
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| female hormones | estrogran, progesterone
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| sperm transportation ducts | epididymis, ductus deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra
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| accessory glands, male | seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland
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| copulatory organ, male | penis
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| semen | thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system
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| supine | lying on the back
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| CS, C-section | cesarean section
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| D&C | dilation and curettage
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| Dx | diagnosis
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| G | gravida (pregnant)
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| GYN | gynecology
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| HRT | hormone replacement therapy
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| IUD | intrauterine device
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| IVF | in vitro fertilization
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| LMP | last menstrual period
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| OCPs | Oral contraceptive pills
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| Pap | papanicolaou test (smear)
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| para 1, 2, 3 | unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births)
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| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease
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| PIH | pregnancy-induced hypertension
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| PMP | previous menstrual period
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen
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| TAH | total abdominal hysterectomy
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| TRAM | transverse rectus abdominis muscle
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| TSS | Toxic Shock Syndrome
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| TVH | total vaginal hysterectomy
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| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy
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| DRE | digital rectal examination
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| GU | genitourinary
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| TURP, TUR | transurethral resection of the prostate
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| XY | male sex chromosomes
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| GC | gonorrhea
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| HPV | human papillomavirus
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| HSV | Herpes Simplex Virus
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| STD | sexually transmitted disease
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| VD | venereal disease
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| Candidiasis | an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans); yeast infection
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| Cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix
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| Ectopic Preganacy | Inflammation of the uterine cervix
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| Endometriosis | the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus
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| Fibroid | benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue; also called leimyoma
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| Leukorrhea | discharge of white mucous material from the vagina
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| Oligomenorrhea | scanty or infrequent menstrual flow
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| Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) | Potentially life-threatening disorder that usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and is characterized by edema and proteinuria.
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| PIH may occur in nonconvulsive or convulsive forms. |
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| Pyosalpinx | pus in the fallopian tubes
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| Retroversion | turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position
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| Sterility | inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female
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| Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | Rare and sometimes fatal staphylococcus infection that generally occurs in menstruating women; most of whom use vaginal tampons for menstrual protection.
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| Trichomoniasis | protozoal infestation of the vagina, urethra, or prostate
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| Anorchism | Congenital absence of one or both testes; also called anorchia
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| Balanitis | inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis
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| Cryptorchidism | failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
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| Epispadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip
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| Hypospadias | congenital defent in which the male urethra opens on undersurface of the penis instead of the tip
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| Impotence | inability of a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection; commonly called erectile dysfunction
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| Phimosis | stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis
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| Sexually transmitted disease (STD) | Any disease that may be acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual and affects the male and female reproductive systems; also called venereal disease
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| Genital warts | wart(s) in the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
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| Gonorrhea | contagious bacterial infection that most commonly affects the genito-urinary tract and, occasionally, the pharynx or rectum
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| Herpes genitalis | Infection in females and males of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa with herpes simplex virus type 2
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| Syphilis | infectious, chronic STD characterized ny lesions that change to a chancre and may involve any organ or tissue
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| Amniocentesis | obestric procedure that involves surgical puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance to remove amniotic fluid
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| Colposcopy | the process of using a colposcope to examine tissues of vagina and cervix
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| Hysterosalpingography | Radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium
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| Laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the andominal wall, usually at the unbilicus
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| Mammography | radipgraphy of breast; used to diagnose benign and malignant tumors
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| Papanicolaou (pap) test | Microscopic analysis of cells taken from the cervix and vagina to detect the presence of carcinoma
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| Cells are obtained for a Pap test via insertion of a vaginal speculum and the use of a swab to scrape a small tissue sample from the cervix and vagina |
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| Ultrasonography (US) | Imaging technique that records high-frequency sound waves bouncing off body tissues and uses a computer to process those waves to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
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| Digital rectal examination (DRE) | examination of the prostate gland with finger palpitation through the anal canal and the rectum
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| Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test | blood test is used to screen for prostate cancer
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| Cerclage | obstetric procedure in which a nonabsorbable suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in the woman who has an incompetent cervix.
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| Dilation and curettage | surgical procedure, widening of the cervix and scraping the endometrium of the uterus
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| hysterosalpingooophorectomy | Surgical removal of a uterus, a fallopian tube, and an ovary
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| Lumpectomy | excision of a small primary breast tumor (a "lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
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| Mastectomy | complete or partial excision of one or both breasts, most commonly performed to remove a malignant tumor
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| Total | excision of an entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also called simple mastectomy
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| Modified radical | excision of an entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm; (axillary dissection)
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| Radical | exicision of an entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast
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| Reconstructive breast surgery | reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease
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| Tissue (skin) expansion | common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
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| Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap | surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen), which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural-looking breast, and sutured into place.
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| Tubal ligation | sterilization procedure that involves blocking both fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and tying them off
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| Circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis, usually performed on the male as an infant
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| Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | surgical procedure to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (excessive overgrowth of normal tissue) by insertion of a resectoscope into the penis and through the urethra to "chip away" at prostatic tissue and flush out chips
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| Gonadotropin | Hormonal preparation used to increase sperm count in infertility cases
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| amni/ o | amnion (amniotic sac)
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| cervic/ o | neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
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| colp/ o, vagin/ o | vagina
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| episi/ o, vulv/ o | vulva
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| galact/ o, lact/ o | milk
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| gynec/ o | woman, female
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| hyster/ o, uter/ o | uterus (womb)
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| lapar/ o | abdomen
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| andr/ o | Male
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| balan/ o | glans penis
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| orchid/ o, orhi/ o, orch/ o, test/ o | testis (plural, testes)
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| adip/ o, lip/ o | fat
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| carcin/ o | cancer
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| cyst/ o | bladder
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| hemat/ o, hem/ o | blood
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| -ectomy | excision, removal
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| -pexy | fixation (of an organ)
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -algia, -dynia | pain
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| -cele | hernia, swelling
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| -genesis | Forming, producing, origin
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -lith | stone, calculus
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| -logy | study of
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| -logist | specialist in study of
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -oid | resembling
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| -arche | beginning
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| -cyesis | pregnancy
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| -gravida | a pregnant woman
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| -para | to bear (offspring)
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| -al, -ic, -ous | pertaining to; relating too
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| -ia | condition
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| a-, an- | without, not
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| dys- | bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
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| hyper- | excessive, above normal
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| metr/o | uterus; measure
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| mamm/o, mast/o | breast
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| men/o | menses, menstruation
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| nat/o | birth
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| oophor/o, ovari/o | ovary
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| perine/o | perineum
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| salping/o | tube
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| prostat/o | prostate gland
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| spermat/o | sperm
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| vas/o | vessel; vas deferens
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| hydr/o | water
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| muc/o | mucus
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| olig/o | scanty
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| -rraphy | suture
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| -tome | instrument to cut
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| -tomy | incision
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| -oma | tumor
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| -pathy | disease
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| -plasia, -plasm | formation, growth
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| -ptosis | prolapse, downward displacement
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| -rrhage, -rrhagia | bursting forth
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| -rrhea | discharge, flow
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| -scope | instrument for examining
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| -spasm | involuntary contraction
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| -uria | urine
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| -salpinx | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
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| -tocia | childbirth, labor
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| -version | turning
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| -ist | one who specializes in
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| neo- | new, recent
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| post- | after, behind
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| pre- | before
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| amenorrhea | absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow
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| aplasia | Lack of development of an organ or tissue
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| aspermatism | a condition in which there is a lack of male sperm
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| cervix uteri | The lower neckline portion of the uterus
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation
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| epididymis | coiled duct on top and at side of the testis that stores sperm before emission
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| estrogen | hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
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| gravida 4 | women in fourth pregnancy
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| hydrocele | disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)
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| oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary
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| para 4 | woman who has delivered 4 infants
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| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease
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| postmenopausal | after menopause
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| progesterone | A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle.
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| prostatic cancer | Is an enlargement of the prostate gland, can be a benign condition, caused by inflammation, a tumor or it can be malignant (cancerous) condition
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| prostatomegaly | enlargement of the prostate gland
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| testopathy | disease of the testes
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| testosterone | the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
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| uterus | organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
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| vas deferens | tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
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| vasectomy | removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male
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