urinary/digestive systems, electrolyte, acid/base balance
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | gluconeogenesis
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| show | urea
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| show | filter blood plasma, separate waste from useful chemicals, returns useful substances to blood, eliminates wastes, regulates blood volume/pressure by eliminating/conserving water, regulate osmolarity of body fluids, secretes renin
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| show | collecting tubules
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| show | glomerulus
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| show | podocytes
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| show | juxtamedullary nephrons
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| show | in the proximal convoluted tubule by active transport
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| show | protein, blood cells, large anions, minerals, hormones, and molecules >8nm in diameter
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| What situations would reduce the glomerular filtration rate? | show 🗑
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| When there is a significant drop in blood pressure what substance stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet? | show 🗑
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| What area of the nephron demonstrates a great deal of active transport, collectively accounting for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption? | show 🗑
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| What is the direct result of antidiuretic hormone? | show 🗑
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| show | Collecting duct (Proximal convoluted tubule; distal convoluted tubule)
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| show | blood, WBCs, sugar (glucose)—diabetes
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| show | a. C=UV/P (C=renal clearance, U=waste concentration of urine, V=rate of urine output, P=waste concentration of plasma)
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| show | elimination of urine from the body and its onset is governed by the filling of the bladder
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| show | thin segment
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| show | when glomerular oncotic and blood pressures are high, glomerular filtration will occur
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| What regulates chloride homeostasis and how is it related to sodium homeostasis? | show 🗑
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| How does the buffering capability of the kidneys compare to other organs? | show 🗑
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| show | blood cells
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| show | in the extracellular fluid of the leg; in interstitial spaces
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| show | via the skin and the kidneys; osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
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| What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? | show 🗑
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| show | dehydration results in an increased blood and ECF osmolarity. Osmoreceptors stimulate ADH secretion by the hypothalamus increasing water absorption in the DCT and CD
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| show | ICF-potassium; ECF-sodium
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| show | ”salt retaining hormone;” increases Na+ reabsorption and water and the release of K secretion. This increases blood volume, therefore increases blood pressure.
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| show | estrogen mimics the action of aldosterone
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| show | potassium
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| show | CO2+H2O=H2CO3=HCO3-+H+
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| show | 7.35-7.45
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| show | proteins
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| show | The kidneys will secrete H2PO4. The kidneys compensate for pH imbalances of respiratory origin.
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| What happens if an excess of antacids is taken? | show 🗑
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| show | The bag will allow CO2 to increase and the respiratory centers are signaled to increase the rate and depth of breathing—return to normal CO2 and slows the breathing rate
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| How are fats digested? (Which enzymes are used and where are they located?) | show 🗑
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| show | Water, Na+ and K, bacteria that multiply and live off the substances in the intestine
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| show | Vitamins, free amino acids, minerals, cholesterol, and water
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| Anatomically, what are the small and large intestine suspended from the abdominal wall? | show 🗑
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| What regulates digestive motility? | show 🗑
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| What regulates digestive tract secretions? | show 🗑
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| show | enteric nervous system
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| What cells secrete hydrochloric acid? | show 🗑
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| show | secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen; located in lower half of gastric glands
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| What is pepsinogen, where is it produced, and by what cells? | show 🗑
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| What activates the secretion of pepsinogen? | show 🗑
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| show | Bilirubin (pigment), Urobilinogen (brown color of feces), bile acids (steroids synthesized from cholesterol), and Lecithin (a phospholipid—aids in digestion)
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| show | a family of glucose transporters; transport glucose across the apical membrane against an uphill glucose gradient
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| What is the makeup of feces by weight? | show 🗑
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| What stimulates the process of defecation? | show 🗑
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| show | liver, kidneys, lungs, skin (sweat glands)
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slarmentrout
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