Infections of the Female Reproductive Tract
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| What are most common causative organisms of vaginitis? | *E.coli *T.vaginalis *Candida Albicans
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| Who is vaginitis most frequently seen in? | Women with diabetes
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| What are the risk factors for vaginitis? | *Diabetes *Stress *Malnutrition *Aging *Intercourse *glucose or glycogen in urine *Change in vaginal pH or flora *Hormonal changes *Use of systemic antibiotics *Compromised immunity *Long term use of birth control pills
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| What kind of vaginitis has a milk like discharge with odor? | Bacterial
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| What kind of vaginitis has a profuse, foamy discharge? | T. vaginalis
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| What kind of vaginitis has a thick, cheese-like discharge? | C. albicans
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| S/Sx of vaginitis | *Yellow, white, or grayish white exudate *Perineal pruritis, burning and edema *Discomfort in lower abdominal region *Dysuria *Painful intercourse
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| In what test is a sample of vaginal discharge taken and a slide made for microscopic examination? | Vaginitis test (Wet mount)
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| Which form of vaginitis can be sexually transmitted? | Bacterial simple vaginitis
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| Which form of vaginitis does Low estrogen causes vulva and vagina to atrophy and become susceptible to infection? | Atrophic (senile) vaginitis
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| What is cervicitis? | Inflammation or infection of the cervix
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| True or False: Due to the location of the cervix, cervicitis is rare. | False. It is one of the most common infections of the female reproductive system
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| What causes cervicitis? | *Vaginal infections or STDs (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Herpes II, Trichomoniasis) *Lacerations r/t childbirth or abortions
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| S/Sx of cervicitis | *Leukorrhea (Whitish Discharge) *Menstrual irregularities *Dyspareunia *Backaches
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| What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)? | : Any acute, subacute, recurrent, or chronic infection of the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or uterus that has extended to the connective tissues lying between the broad ligaments
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| Where does the causative infection for PID enter the pelvic organs through? | *Vagina, peritoneum *Lymph glands *Blood stream
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| What can cause PID? | *Insertion of biopsy curette or irrigation catheter *Abortion *Pelvic surgery *Sexual intercourse *Infection during pregnancy.
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| What is the Tx of vaginitis? | *Vaginal suppositories, ointments, and creams *Douching frequently prescribed
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| What are the causative organisms of PID? | *Gonococccus *Streptococcus *Staphylococcus *Chlamydia *Tubercle bacilli
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| S/Sx of PID | *Malodorous purulent discharge *Backache *Pelvic, severe abdominal pain *Fever, chills, malaise *Nausea, vomiting
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| If the Tx of vaginitis is a cream or suppository, how is it to be taken? | Taken at bedtime, remain in recumbent position for 30 minutes.
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| What is Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)? | An acute bacterial infection
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| A woman who has had PID is more likely to have a/an _____ than a woman with normal health. | Ectopic Pregnancy
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| What is used to Dx abscesses in PID? | Ultrasound
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| What confirms the extent of PID? | Laparoscopy
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| What organism causes toxic shock? | Staphyloccoccus Aureus
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| True or False: Toxic shock syndrome is only seen in menstrating women and women using tampons. | False. May be seen in men and in nonmenstruating women
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| S/Sx of TSS | *Flu-like signs and symptoms first 24 hours *Between days 2-4 of menses: High fever (102 F), chills, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Myalgia, Hypotension, Septic shock, Hyperemia
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| How is TSS Dx? | *Vaginal smear *Leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia *Elevated BUN, creatinine, bilirubin levels *ALT, AST, CPK are also elevated
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| In PT teaching for TSS, what should be avoided? | Super-absorbent tampons
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| In PT teaching for TSS, how are tampons to be worn? | Alternate tampons with pads, changing tampons often (q 4 hr).
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| In PT teaching for TSS, when should the PT seek medical attention? | if sudden fever developes when menstruating.
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| Why is vaginitis common in women with diabetes? | Because of the increase of glucose in the urine. The glucose can breed the monilial fungus due to the high carbohydrate content of glucose.
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| When are antifungal agents taken orally or parenterally? | Deep-seated or systemic infections
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| Who are systemic antifungals used cautiously in? | patients with depressed bone marrow reserve
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| What are the adverse effects of antifungal agents? | *Rash *Urticaria *Pruritus
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| What infection of the female reproductive system leads to a red, macular palmar or defuse rash and later desquamation? | TSS
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| With the application of topical antifungals, what do you not used unless specified by the physician? | Occlusive dressings
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| How long can deep seated fungal infections take to treat? | weeks to months
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| What are the topical antifungals used? | List FAR too large to fit here. Just remember the 'statins and the 'nazoles
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| What strong antifungal causes renal damage? | Amphotericin B
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