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pearson microbiology Bauman Chap 6

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Question
Answer
show an increase in a population of microbes rather than an increase in size of an individual  
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discrete colony is ________________   show
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show Autotrophs  
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Organisms that catabolize reduced organic molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids) are called ______________   show
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show Chemotrophs  
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show Phototrophs  
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show Obligate Aerobes  
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what is the name for organisms that are poisoned by oxygen and cannot tolerate it?   show
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Singlet Oxygen is _________   show
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Phototrophic organisms have these to remove the excess energy of Singlet Oxygen   show
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Which organisms can maintain life via Fermentation or Anaerobic Respiration or by Aerobic respiration   show
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What does not use Aerobic Metabolism, but do have some enzymes that detoxify oxygen's poisonous forms, so can grow in its presence   show
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show Microaerophiles  
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Insufficient Nitrogen for proteins and nucleotides   show
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Phosphorus   show
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show Usually found in sufficient quantities in tap water  
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show organic chemicals that cannot be synthesized by certain organisms (Vitamins, Essential Amino Acids, Purines, Pyrimidines, Cholesterol, NADH, and Heme)  
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effect of low temperature on lipid-containing membranes of cells and organelles   show
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categories of microbes based on temperature range   show
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show those that grow best at about 15 degrees celcius; can grow below 0 degrees celcius, but not much above 20 degrees celcius  
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show those growing best between 20 degrees and 40 degrees celcius; the human pathogens are in this group  
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thermophiles   show
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hyperthermophiles   show
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show microbes that grow best in a narrow range around neutral pH (6.5-7.5); includes most bacteria an protozoa  
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Acidophiles   show
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acidic waste products   show
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show microbes that live in alkaline soils and water up to pH 11.5  
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why microbes require water   show
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show what cease most metabolic activity in a dry environment for years?  
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show what are the 2 physical effects of water?  
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osmotic pressure   show
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show those with lower solute concentrations and higher water concentrations; cells placed in these solutions gain water; and if they lack a cell wall, may burst  
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show those with higher solute concentrations and lower water concentrations; cells placed in these solutions undergo CRENATION  
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Crenation   show
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show those that grow in up to 30% salt  
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show those that do not require, but can tolerate high salt concentrations  
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Barophiles   show
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show Barophiles' membranes and enzymes depend on this pressure to maintain their 3-dimensional, functional shape  
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Antagonistic relationships   show
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Synergistic relationships   show
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Symbiotic relationships   show
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show complex relationships among numerous individual microorganisms  
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Quorum Sensing   show
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show microbes respond to density of nearby microbes  
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Inoculum   show
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Medium   show
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show the three types of specimens from which the inoculum comes  
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show act of cultivating microorganisms, or the microorganisms that are cultivated  
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show those compouds of cells arising from a single progenitor  
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progenitor   show
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Aseptic technique   show
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show Two common isolation techniques  
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Streak Plates   show
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Pour Plates   show
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show Defined Media, Complex Media, Selective Media, Differential Media, Selective and Differential Media, Anaerobic Media, Transport Media  
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show those in which the exact chemical composition is known  
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show those in which the exact composition is unknown, but contains a variety of nutrients and growth factors  
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Selective Media   show
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show eosin, methylene blue, bile salts, high NaCl  
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Differential Media   show
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Selective and Differential Media   show
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Selective and Differential Media   show
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Anaerobic Media   show
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Transport Media   show
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Animal and Cell Culture, Low-Oxygen Culture, and Enrichment Culture   show
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show used to grow very fastidious organisms or Obligate Intracellular Parasites (Viruses, Rickettsias, Chlamydias)  
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show use CO2 Incubators or Candle Jars to favor growth of Aerotolerant Anaerobes, Microaerophiles, and Capnophiles(microbes growing best at high CO2 and low O2 levels)  
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show used to enhance growth of microbes present in very small numbers; sometimes Cold-Enrichment  
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show sometimes used to enhance the growth of microbes present in very small numbers by using a refrigerator to enhance the growth of cold-tolerant species (Vibrio sp.)  
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show ways to preserve cultures  
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refrigeration   show
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show used for long-term storage; maintaining temperatures between -50 degrees celcius and -95 degrees celcius)  
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Lyophilization   show
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show most UNICELLULAR microorganisms reproduce by what method?  
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show reproduction process in which a cell replicated its DNA, grows to twice its normal size, then divides in half, forming two new cells; with each division, the number of cels doubles, increasing by multiples of two  
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Logarithmic (Exponential) Growth   show
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Generation time   show
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Growth Curve   show
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Lag, Log, Stationary, Death   show
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show list the 5 DIRECT METHODS of measuring microbial growth (In the order they were listed in our notes)  
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show direct method for measuring microbial growth where the number of microbes in a liquid sample is determined by trapping organisms on a fine membrane filter; transferring it to solid culture medium, allowing colonies to grow and counting them  
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show 3.0  
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show chemoheterotroph  
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Which of the following is NOT a toxic form of oxygen? peroxide anions, hydroxide ion, superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen   show
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show aerotolerant anaerobes  
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Nitrogen is rarely a growth-limiting nutrient. T/F   show
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Nitrogen is essential for the production of amino acids and nucleotide bases. T/F   show
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show True  
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show True  
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Organic molecules that prokaryotic organisms need, but cannot synthesize by themselves, are called __________.   show
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show barophile and psychrophile  
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In the streak plate method of isolation colonies will be found growing at and below the surface of the medium. T/f   show
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Extension of the microbial growth phase is an advantage conferred on microbial cells by a biofilm? T/F   show
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Why is agar a useful substance in the microbiology lab?   show
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show MacConkey agar  
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A psychrophile might grow best in which of the following environments: the human body, a candle jar, a refrigerator, a thermal pool   show
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A candle jar would be most useful in isolating which of the following: fastidious microbes, biofilms, capnophiles, psychrophiles   show
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show 5 hours  
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show they are synthesizing new enzymes in order to use nutrients in their medium  
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Concerning the bacterial growth , when death phase is reached, all cells in the culture have died T/F   show
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show False  
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show 25,000,000 In a typical Petroff-Hauser counting chamber, the factor by which the number of cells is multiplied is 1,250,000. (20 × 1,250,000 = 25,000,000)  
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show False  
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Flow cytometry involves the counting of cells that have fluorescent dyes associated with them. T/F   show
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Direct methods of measuring microbial growth are more accurate than indirect methods. T/F   show
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Bacterial growth curves are plotted on graphs that have a logarithmic scale on both the x- and y-axes. T/F   show
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show false 2n is the formula for cells dividing by binary fission, where n = the number of generations.  
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Cells that divide by binary fission in different planes produce a chain formation of cells. T/F   show
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show True Since it contains actual blood, blood agar supplies a variety of growth factors, making it a complex medium.  
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Facultative halophiles do not require the presence of high salt concentrations in order to grow. T/F   show
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show true  
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show True When an organism's proteins are denatured, it will die.  
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Most bacterial cells divide using a process called binary fusion. T/F   show
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Refrigeration kills all bacterial cells except psychrophiles. T/F   show
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show involves reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia  
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show true Only a relatively small number of species of bacteria and archaea have been grown in the laboratory.  
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show obtain their electrons or hydrogen ions from an inorganic source  
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show False A reducing medium is used to grow obligate anaerobes, while an enrichment medium is most often used for growing fastidious bacteria that have very specific nutritional requirements.  
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show a process used by bacteria to detect population density and activate genes for new characteristics  
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show trypticase soy agar This medium distinguishes bacteria that can utilize a specific carbohydrate from those that cannot, usually by a pH change  
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show False The concentration is expressed in colony-forming units, or CFU, per milliliter.  
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show chemoheterotrophs  
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A chemostat could be used to keep a bacterial culture in the log phase indefinitely. T/F   show
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