Module 4 Review Exploring Creation with Biology
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| Which characteristics are common to the majority of fungi? | Extracellular digestion--Chitin--Mycelia--Hyphae--Cells--Rhizoid Hyphae
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| Which characteristics are common to only some fungi? | Stolons--Caps & Stalks--Sporangiophores--Haustoria--Motile Spores--Septate Hyphae
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| What are septate hyphae? | Septate hyphae have walls to separate the cells.
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| What are non-septate hyphae? | Cells in fungi that are not separated by cell walls.
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| What is the function of rhizoid hyphae? | Support the fungus and digest food
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| What is the function of a stolon? | A stolon asexually reproduces.
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| What is the function of a sporophore? | A sporophore releases spores for reproduction.
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| What is the function of a haustorium? | A haustorium invades the cells of a living host to absorb food directly from the cytoplasm.
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| Which hyphae are aerial? | Stolons and Sporophores
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| What is the difference between a sporangiophore and a conidiophore? | Sporangiophores produce spores in an enclosure; conidiophore spores are not enclosed.
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| What is the main classification characteristic of the Phylum Basidiomycota. | Form sexual spores on club-like basidia
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| What is the main classification characteristic of the Phylum Ascomycota? | Form sexual spores in sac-like asci
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| What is the main classification characteristic of Phylum Zygomycota? | Form sexual spores where hyphae fuse
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| What is the main classification characteristic of Phylum Chytridiomycota? | Form spores with flagella
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| What is the main classification characteristic of Phylum Deuteromycota? | No known method of sexual reproduction
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| What is the main classification characteristic of Phylum Myxomycota? | Look like protozoa for much of their life cycle
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| What are the stages, in chronological order, associated with the life cycle of a mushroom, starting with the formation of a mycelium. | Mycelium grows from spores--Encounters other compatible mycelium--Sexually reproduce--Hyphae form web enclosed in membrane(button stage)--Hyphae fill quickly with water--Fruiting body(stipe & cap)breaks through membrane--Spores are released from gills
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| Where does a mushroom form its spores? | On basidia in the gills of the cap
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| Where does a puffball form its spores? | On basidia enclosed in a membrane
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| Where does a shelf fungi form its spores? | On basidia in pores on the fruiting body
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| What is an alternate host? | A temporary host used by a parasitic fungus at some stage in its life
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| What type of fungus uses an alternate host? | Rusts
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| What type of fungus is best known for fermentation and to what phylum does it belong? | Yeast-- Phylum Ascomycota
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| How is budding different from asexual reproduction in bacteria? | In budding the offspring stays attached to the parent until it has grown. In bacterial asexual reproduction the offspring grows on its own.
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| Name two pathogenic fungi and the maladies that they cause. | Rusts: crop damage--Smuts: crop damage Ergot of rye(Claviceps purpurea): death Chryphonectria parasitica: chestnut blight Ophiostoma ulmi: Dutch elm disease Synchytrium endobioticum: potato wart
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| Name the three ways bread mold can reproduce and whether each is asexual or sexual. | Asexually when a stolon starts another mycelium -- Asexually when an aerial hypha forms a sporophore (usually sporangiophore) -- Sexually when two mycelia form a zygospore
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| What characteristic puts a fungus into Phylum Deuteromycota? | When the sexual mode of reproduction is unknown
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| What can happen if an antibiotic is used too much? | Resistant strains of the pathogen can be formed.
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| What is the genus of the fungus that produces penicillin? | Genus Penicillium
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| When a slime mold is a plasmodium, it resembles organisms from what kingdom? | Kingdom Protista
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| What is the easiest way to get rid of slime molds? | Keep the habitat dry
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| What are the two major forms of mutualism in fungi? | Lichens and Mycorrhizae
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| What is a lichen? | A mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.
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| What is a mycorrhiza? | A mutualistic relationship between a fungus' mycelium and a plant's root system
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| What is a soredium? | The specialized spore produced by most lichens
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