A&P Charpter 3 and cells
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| what units of the body are the cells | structural and functional
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| the site of ATP production occurs in what organelle | mitochondria
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| cilia | numerous, short-like projections used to move substances across the cell surfaces
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| flagella | long, whip-like projections used for locomotion
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| what do cilia and flagella do | used to move substances across cell surfaces and locomotion
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| where are the chromosomes contained | nucleus(controls cell function)
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| the forcing of water and solutes through a plasma membrane by blood pressure is called | filtration
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| the movement of molcules through a plasma membrane by carrier protein AND expenditure of energy by the cell is called | ATP
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| the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration WITHOUT an expenditure of energy is diffusion. T or F | true
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| the diffusion of water is called | osmosis
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| in osmosis, the water moves from the _________ solution to the ____________ solution | hypotonic; hypertonic
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| what is the largest organelle in the cell(found in the center of the cell) | nucleus
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| what are the most important structures in the nucleus | chromosomes
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| what are chromosomes made of | DNA and protein
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| what in the chromosomes contains coded instructions that control the functions of the cell | DNA
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| what is a functional protein and what do they do in the body | antibodies provide immunity enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body
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| mitotic cell division | replication of parent cells/ enables growth and repair
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| meiotic cell division | only with sex chromosomes/ produces four haploid daughter cells
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| movement of water without ATP is called | osmosis
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| the movement of MOLECULES from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called | diffusion
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| what structure of the cell controls movement of materials into and out of the cell | plasma membrane
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| end product of cellular respiration | ATP(energy)
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| what is cellular respiration | the process that breaks down nutrients to release energy held in their chemical bonds
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| hypertonic | low water/ high solutes(shrink cell)
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| hypotonic | high water/ low solutes(swells cell)
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| isotonic | same concentration of solutes and water
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| enzymes | functional proteins. speed up the chemical reactions in the body
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| element | substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances
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| the three most abundant elements composing the body are | hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
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| the three types of subatomic particles make up an atom | protons neutrons elctrons
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| the smallest unit of an element with the characteristics of that element is an | atom
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| negatively charged particles in an atom are | electrons
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| positively charged particles in an atom are | protons
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| what subatomic particles of an atom carries no electrical charge | neutrons
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| a substance formed by a combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio is a | chemical compound
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| the most abundant inorganic compound in the body is | water
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| a chemical reasction in which a complex molecule is broken down into simpler molecules is a | decomposition reaction
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| what is a synthesis reaction | simple substance combine to form a more complex substance
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| what is decomposition reaction | a complex substance is broken down into simpler substances
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| organic molecules are distinguished by containing what element or elements (this element forms the "backbone" of organic compounds) | carbon and hydrogen and usually contain oxygen
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| inorganic molecules are distinguishedby containing what elements | cotain EITHER carbon or hydrogen. the DO NOT contain both
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| the SOLVENT in which the chemical reaction of life occur is | water
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| the pH of a substance where the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are equal is | have a pH of 7. neither acid or base
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| the pH range of acid is | 0-7
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| the pH range of a base is | 7-14
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| buffer | a chemical or a combination of chemicals that either picks up excess H ot releases H to keep the pH of a solution rather constant
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| the class of organic compounds that are the primary source of a nutrient energy for the body is | carbohydrates
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| glucose, fructose, abd galactose are | monosacchorides
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| maltose, sucrose, and lactose are | disacchorides
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| define and describe polysacchorides | is formed by the chemical combination of many monosacchoride units
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| the storage form of carbohydrates in the body is | glycogen
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| the form os carbohydrates transported in the blood is | glucose
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| triglycerides phospholides and steroids belong to the class of compounds known as | lipids
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| a molecule composed of glycerol and three fatty acids is a | triglycerides
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| excess nutrients are usually stroed in the bodyas | triglcerides (fat)
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| sex hormones and cholesterol are examples of a class of lipids known as | steroids
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| the class of lipids forming a major part of cell membranes is | phospholipids
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| the steroid that tends to be deposited in arterial walls when it is excessively abundant in blood is | cholesterol
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| the class of organic compounds that are formed of amino acids is | proteins
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| enzymes | functional protiens. critical role in all metobolic reactions speed up chemical reactions in cells
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| DNA and RNA are examples of large molecules calles | nucleic acids
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| the building units of a nucleic acid are | nucleotides
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| the nucleic acid composed of two twisted stands of nucleotides is | DNA
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| the nucleic acid composed of a single strand of nuceotides | RNA
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| energy for immediate cellular use is provided by | ATP
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| the heredity information of chromosomes is encoded in | DNA
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| what is ATP | adenosine triphoshate
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| MORE hydrogen ions mean what in the pH scale | the lower pH or ACIDIC the solution is
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| LESS hydrogen ions means what in the pH scale | the lower the pH or more ALKALINE (BASIC) the solution is
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| active transport | movement of a substnce through the plasma membrane requiring the expediture of energy by the cell
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| passive transport | movement of substance through a plasma membrane without the expenditure of energy by the cell
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| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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| diffusion | passive movement of molucules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| filtration | the forcing of small molecules through the membrane by hydrostatic pressure
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| phagocytosis | the process with cells ingulf particles
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| exocytosis | exo=outside extrusion of substances by evagination of the plasma membrane
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| endocytosis | end=inside cyt=cell sis=condition engulfing substances by invagination of the plasma membrane
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| pinocytosis | the process by which the cells ingulf liquids
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| cellular respirtaion | breakdown of organtic nutritents, which releases energy to form ATP
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| matter | anything that has a weight and occupies weight
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| electrolyte | a substance that ionizes when dissolved in water
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| nucleic acid | a compound whose molecules are composed of a seris of nucleotides: either DNA or RNA
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