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October 14, 2011
A&P Charpter 3 and cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what units of the body are the cells | structural and functional |
| the site of ATP production occurs in what organelle | mitochondria |
| cilia | numerous, short-like projections used to move substances across the cell surfaces |
| flagella | long, whip-like projections used for locomotion |
| what do cilia and flagella do | used to move substances across cell surfaces and locomotion |
| where are the chromosomes contained | nucleus(controls cell function) |
| the forcing of water and solutes through a plasma membrane by blood pressure is called | filtration |
| the movement of molcules through a plasma membrane by carrier protein AND expenditure of energy by the cell is called | ATP |
| the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration WITHOUT an expenditure of energy is diffusion. T or F | true |
| the diffusion of water is called | osmosis |
| in osmosis, the water moves from the _________ solution to the ____________ solution | hypotonic; hypertonic |
| what is the largest organelle in the cell(found in the center of the cell) | nucleus |
| what are the most important structures in the nucleus | chromosomes |
| what are chromosomes made of | DNA and protein |
| what in the chromosomes contains coded instructions that control the functions of the cell | DNA |
| what is a functional protein and what do they do in the body | antibodies provide immunity enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body |
| mitotic cell division | replication of parent cells/ enables growth and repair |
| meiotic cell division | only with sex chromosomes/ produces four haploid daughter cells |
| movement of water without ATP is called | osmosis |
| the movement of MOLECULES from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called | diffusion |
| what structure of the cell controls movement of materials into and out of the cell | plasma membrane |
| end product of cellular respiration | ATP(energy) |
| what is cellular respiration | the process that breaks down nutrients to release energy held in their chemical bonds |
| hypertonic | low water/ high solutes(shrink cell) |
| hypotonic | high water/ low solutes(swells cell) |
| isotonic | same concentration of solutes and water |
| enzymes | functional proteins. speed up the chemical reactions in the body |
| element | substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances |
| the three most abundant elements composing the body are | hydrogen, oxygen, carbon |
| the three types of subatomic particles make up an atom | protons neutrons elctrons |
| the smallest unit of an element with the characteristics of that element is an | atom |
| negatively charged particles in an atom are | electrons |
| positively charged particles in an atom are | protons |
| what subatomic particles of an atom carries no electrical charge | neutrons |
| a substance formed by a combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio is a | chemical compound |
| the most abundant inorganic compound in the body is | water |
| a chemical reasction in which a complex molecule is broken down into simpler molecules is a | decomposition reaction |
| what is a synthesis reaction | simple substance combine to form a more complex substance |
| what is decomposition reaction | a complex substance is broken down into simpler substances |
| organic molecules are distinguished by containing what element or elements (this element forms the "backbone" of organic compounds) | carbon and hydrogen and usually contain oxygen |
| inorganic molecules are distinguishedby containing what elements | cotain EITHER carbon or hydrogen. the DO NOT contain both |
| the SOLVENT in which the chemical reaction of life occur is | water |
| the pH of a substance where the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are equal is | have a pH of 7. neither acid or base |
| the pH range of acid is | 0-7 |
| the pH range of a base is | 7-14 |
| buffer | a chemical or a combination of chemicals that either picks up excess H ot releases H to keep the pH of a solution rather constant |
| the class of organic compounds that are the primary source of a nutrient energy for the body is | carbohydrates |
| glucose, fructose, abd galactose are | monosacchorides |
| maltose, sucrose, and lactose are | disacchorides |
| define and describe polysacchorides | is formed by the chemical combination of many monosacchoride units |
| the storage form of carbohydrates in the body is | glycogen |
| the form os carbohydrates transported in the blood is | glucose |
| triglycerides phospholides and steroids belong to the class of compounds known as | lipids |
| a molecule composed of glycerol and three fatty acids is a | triglycerides |
| excess nutrients are usually stroed in the bodyas | triglcerides (fat) |
| sex hormones and cholesterol are examples of a class of lipids known as | steroids |
| the class of lipids forming a major part of cell membranes is | phospholipids |
| the steroid that tends to be deposited in arterial walls when it is excessively abundant in blood is | cholesterol |
| the class of organic compounds that are formed of amino acids is | proteins |
| enzymes | functional protiens. critical role in all metobolic reactions speed up chemical reactions in cells |
| DNA and RNA are examples of large molecules calles | nucleic acids |
| the building units of a nucleic acid are | nucleotides |
| the nucleic acid composed of two twisted stands of nucleotides is | DNA |
| the nucleic acid composed of a single strand of nuceotides | RNA |
| energy for immediate cellular use is provided by | ATP |
| the heredity information of chromosomes is encoded in | DNA |
| what is ATP | adenosine triphoshate |
| MORE hydrogen ions mean what in the pH scale | the lower pH or ACIDIC the solution is |
| LESS hydrogen ions means what in the pH scale | the lower the pH or more ALKALINE (BASIC) the solution is |
| active transport | movement of a substnce through the plasma membrane requiring the expediture of energy by the cell |
| passive transport | movement of substance through a plasma membrane without the expenditure of energy by the cell |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| diffusion | passive movement of molucules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| filtration | the forcing of small molecules through the membrane by hydrostatic pressure |
| phagocytosis | the process with cells ingulf particles |
| exocytosis | exo=outside extrusion of substances by evagination of the plasma membrane |
| endocytosis | end=inside cyt=cell sis=condition engulfing substances by invagination of the plasma membrane |
| pinocytosis | the process by which the cells ingulf liquids |
| cellular respirtaion | breakdown of organtic nutritents, which releases energy to form ATP |
| matter | anything that has a weight and occupies weight |
| electrolyte | a substance that ionizes when dissolved in water |
| nucleic acid | a compound whose molecules are composed of a seris of nucleotides: either DNA or RNA |
Created by:
bjbert
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