Pharmacology Ch 20
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| chemicals that are made in an organ or gland and carried through the blood stream to another part of the body | hormones
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| specific chemical group of hormones that have powerful effects on cell sensitization, healing and development | steroids
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| a complicated, chronic disorder characterized by insufficient insulin production or by cellular resistance to insulin | diabetes
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| a hormone produced by the pancreas that acts to maintain blood glucose levels within normal limits; essential for the use of glucose in cellular metabolism and for proper protein and fat metabolisml | insulin
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| hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas; controls the use of glucose, protein, and fat in the body; lowers blood sugar by inhibiting glucose production by the liver; available as purified extracts from beef and pork pancreas (used infrequently) | insulin
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| Insulin activates a process that helps _________ enter the cells. | glucose
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| Insulin stimulates the liver ___________ synthesis. | glycogen
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| Insulin is used to treat diabetes mellitus and control more severe and complicated forms of ________ diabetes. | type 2
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| adverse effects of insulin: | rebound hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy of injection site (get knots where fat breaks down), hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia
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| two generations of medications; act to lower blood glucose by stimulating the beta cells to relaese insulin | sulfonylureas
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| adverse effects of sulfonylureas: | hypoglycemia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, weight gain, heartburn, weakness and numbness of extremities
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| reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity to muscle and fat cells; also used for PCOD | biguanides
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| biguanide medication: | metformin (Glucophage)
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| adverse effects of biguanides: | GI upsent (abdominal bloating, nausea, cramping, diarrhea, etc), metallic taste, hypoglycemia (rare)
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| decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity by modifying several processes | thiazolidinediones
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| thiazolidinedione medications: | rosiglitazone (Avandia), pioglitazone (Actos)
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| adverse effects of thiazolidinediones: | aggravated DM, URI, sinusitis, headache, pharyngitis, myalgia, diarrhea, back pain
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| stimulate insulin relase from the pancreas | meglitinides
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| meglintinide medications: | nateglinide (Starlix), repaglinide (Prandin)
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| adverse effects of meglitinides: | URI, headache, rhinitis, bronchitis, back pain, hypoglycemia
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| improves glucose control in Type 2 DM | incretin mimetics
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| incretin mimetic drugs: | exenatide (Byetta); sitagliptin (Januvia)
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| adverse effects of incretin minetics: | HA, dizziness, jitteriness, N/V, diarrhea
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| chemicals that are made in an organ or gland and carried through the blood stream to another part of the body | hormones
🗑
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| specific chemical group of hormones that have powerful effects on cell sensitization, healing and development | steroids
🗑
|
||||
| a complicated, chronic disorder characterized by insufficient insulin production or by cellular resistance to insulin | diabetes
🗑
|
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| a hormone produced by the pancreas that acts to maintain blood glucose levels within normal limits; essential for the use of glucose in cellular metabolism and for proper protein and fat metabolisml | insulin
🗑
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| hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas; controls the use of glucose, protein, and fat in the body; lowers blood sugar by inhibiting glucose production by the liver; available as purified extracts from beef and pork pancreas (used infrequently) | insulin
🗑
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| Insulin activates a process that helps _________ enter the cells. | glucose
🗑
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| Insulin stimulates the liver ___________ synthesis. | glycogen
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| Insulin is used to treat diabetes mellitus and control more severe and complicated forms of ________ diabetes. | type 2
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| adverse reactions of prostaglandins: | HA, dizziness, fainting, flushing, HTN, acute hypotension, chest pain, dysrhythmias
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| adverse effects of insulin: | rebound hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy of injection site (get knots where fat breaks down), hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia
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| act to increase the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions and decrease uterine bleeding | ergot alkaloids
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| two generations of medications; act to lower blood glucose by stimulating the beta cells to relaese insulin | sulfonylureas
🗑
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| ergot alkaloid medications: | Ergonovine (Ergotrate maleate), Methylergonovine (Methergine)
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| adverse effects of sulfonylureas: | hypoglycemia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, weight gain, heartburn, weakness and numbness of extremities
🗑
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| reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity to muscle and fat cells; also used for PCOD | biguanides
🗑
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| biguanide medication: | metformin (Glucophage)
🗑
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| adverse effects of biguanides: | GI upsent (abdominal bloating, nausea, cramping, diarrhea, etc), metallic taste, hypoglycemia (rare)
🗑
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| decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity by modifying several processes | thiazolidinediones
🗑
|
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| thiazolidinedione medications: | rosiglitazone (Avandia), pioglitazone (Actos)
🗑
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| adverse effects of thiazolidinediones: | aggravated DM, URI, sinusitis, headache, pharyngitis, myalgia, diarrhea, back pain
🗑
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| stimulate insulin relase from the pancreas | meglitinides
🗑
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| meglintinide medications: | nateglinide (Starlix), repaglinide (Prandin)
🗑
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| adverse effects of meglitinides: | URI, headache, rhinitis, bronchitis, back pain, hypoglycemia
🗑
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| improves glucose control in Type 2 DM | incretin mimetics
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| incretin mimetic drugs: | exenatide (Byetta); sitagliptin (Januvia)
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| adverse effects of incretin minetics: | HA, dizziness, jitteriness, N/V, diarrhea
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| decrease uterine contractions | tocolytics
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| tocolytic drug that stops pre-term labor; will make you extremely dry; pt has to be in the hospital and consistently monitored when taking | Yutopar, Brethine
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| tocoloytic that is used in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia | magnesium sulfate
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| adverse effects of tocolytics: | usually associated iwth IV administration
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| uterine stimulator; used to start or improve labor contractions, manage an inevitable or imcomplete abortion | oxytocin
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| adverse effects of oxytocin: | fetal bradycardia, uterine rupture, uterine hypertonicity,nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, anaphylactic reactions, water intoxication
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| used in the induction of labor, evacuation of the uterus, and control of postpartum hemorrhage; used to soften and dilate the cervix | prostaglandins
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| prostaglandin medications: | Cervidil, hemabate
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| adverse reactions of prostaglandins: | HA, dizziness, fainting, flushing, HTN, acute hypotension, chest pain, dysrhythmias
🗑
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| act to increase the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions and decrease uterine bleeding | ergot alkaloids
🗑
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| ergot alkaloid medications: | Ergonovine (Ergotrate maleate), Methylergonovine (Methergine)
🗑
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| adverse effects of ergot alkaloids: | nausea, vomiting, elevated blood pressure, temporary chest pain, dissiness, water intoxication, headache
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| used in treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency; for children who are continuing to grow; cannot be given after puberty has started | anterior pituitary hormone replacement drugs
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| anterior pituitary hormone replacement medications: | Somatropin (humatrope); cosyntropin (Cosyntropin)
🗑
|
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| chemicals that are made in an organ or gland and carried through the blood stream to another part of the body | hormones
🗑
|
||||
| specific chemical group of hormones that have powerful effects on cell sensitization, healing and development | steroids
🗑
|
||||
| a complicated, chronic disorder characterized by insufficient insulin production or by cellular resistance to insulin | diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| a hormone produced by the pancreas that acts to maintain blood glucose levels within normal limits; essential for the use of glucose in cellular metabolism and for proper protein and fat metabolisml | insulin
🗑
|
||||
| hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas; controls the use of glucose, protein, and fat in the body; lowers blood sugar by inhibiting glucose production by the liver; available as purified extracts from beef and pork pancreas (used infrequently) | insulin
🗑
|
||||
| Insulin activates a process that helps _________ enter the cells. | glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Insulin stimulates the liver ___________ synthesis. | glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| Insulin is used to treat diabetes mellitus and control more severe and complicated forms of ________ diabetes. | type 2
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of insulin: | rebound hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy of injection site (get knots where fat breaks down), hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| two generations of medications; act to lower blood glucose by stimulating the beta cells to relaese insulin | sulfonylureas
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of sulfonylureas: | hypoglycemia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, weight gain, heartburn, weakness and numbness of extremities
🗑
|
||||
| reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity to muscle and fat cells; also used for PCOD | biguanides
🗑
|
||||
| biguanide medication: | metformin (Glucophage)
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of biguanides: | GI upsent (abdominal bloating, nausea, cramping, diarrhea, etc), metallic taste, hypoglycemia (rare)
🗑
|
||||
| decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity by modifying several processes | thiazolidinediones
🗑
|
||||
| thiazolidinedione medications: | rosiglitazone (Avandia), pioglitazone (Actos)
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of thiazolidinediones: | aggravated DM, URI, sinusitis, headache, pharyngitis, myalgia, diarrhea, back pain
🗑
|
||||
| stimulate insulin relase from the pancreas | meglitinides
🗑
|
||||
| meglintinide medications: | nateglinide (Starlix), repaglinide (Prandin)
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of meglitinides: | URI, headache, rhinitis, bronchitis, back pain, hypoglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| improves glucose control in Type 2 DM | incretin mimetics
🗑
|
||||
| incretin mimetic drugs: | exenatide (Byetta); sitagliptin (Januvia)
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of incretin minetics: | HA, dizziness, jitteriness, N/V, diarrhea
🗑
|
||||
| decrease uterine contractions | tocolytics
🗑
|
||||
| tocolytic drug that stops pre-term labor; will make you extremely dry; pt has to be in the hospital and consistently monitored when taking | Yutopar, Brethine
🗑
|
||||
| tocoloytic that is used in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia | magnesium sulfate
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of tocolytics: | usually associated iwth IV administration
🗑
|
||||
| uterine stimulator; used to start or improve labor contractions, manage an inevitable or imcomplete abortion | oxytocin
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of oxytocin: | fetal bradycardia, uterine rupture, uterine hypertonicity,nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, anaphylactic reactions, water intoxication
🗑
|
||||
| used in the induction of labor, evacuation of the uterus, and control of postpartum hemorrhage; used to soften and dilate the cervix | prostaglandins
🗑
|
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| prostaglandin medications: | Cervidil, hemabate
🗑
|
||||
| adverse reactions of prostaglandins: | HA, dizziness, fainting, flushing, HTN, acute hypotension, chest pain, dysrhythmias
🗑
|
||||
| act to increase the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions and decrease uterine bleeding | ergot alkaloids
🗑
|
||||
| ergot alkaloid medications: | Ergonovine (Ergotrate maleate), Methylergonovine (Methergine)
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of ergot alkaloids: | nausea, vomiting, elevated blood pressure, temporary chest pain, dissiness, water intoxication, headache
🗑
|
||||
| used in treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency; for children who are continuing to grow; cannot be given after puberty has started | anterior pituitary hormone replacement drugs
🗑
|
||||
| anterior pituitary hormone replacement medications: | Somatropin (humatrope); cosyntropin (Cosyntropin)
🗑
|
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| anterior pituitary hormone replacement drugs that are used in diagnosis and treatment of adrenal insufficiency | corticotropin (ACTH), cosyntropin (Cosyntropin)
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| adverse effects of corticotropin (ACTH) | depression, nausea, petechiae, hypernatremia, adrenal suppression, seizure, vertigo, HA, personality changes, euphoria, mood swings, impaired would healing, thinning of the skin, ecchymosis, facial redness, diaphoresis, hyperpigmentation
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| adverse effects of consyntropin: | hypersensitivity
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| ACTH is used to help treat: | bedwetting
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| posterior pituitary hormone replacement drug used in prevention and treatment if diabetes insipidus, enuresis (bedwetting), and acute epistaxis (nosebleed) | Desmorpressin acetate (DDAVP)
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| Diabetes Insipidus (DI) happens when: | the posterior pituitary is damaged. The body will freely excrete urine. No vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) is in the body. Could also be caused by brain tumor (pituitary tumor).
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| posterior pituitary hormone replacement drug used in preventntion and treatment of DI: | Lypressin (Diapid)
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| adverse effects of posterior pituitary hormone replacement drugs: | conjunctivitis, runny nose, local irritation, congestion of nasal passages, HA, heartburn
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| posterior pituitary homrone replacement drug used in treatment of DI: | vasopressin (ADH, Pitressin)
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| Adverse effects of vasopressin: | circumoral pallor (pale around mouth), abdominal cramps, nausea, sweating, tremor, severe HA
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| influence immune response; regulate glucose, fat and protein metabolism, and antiinflammatory repsonse; act by entering target cells and binding to receptors, initiating many comples reactions in the body | glucocorticoids
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| used is replacement therapy, allergic conditions, collagen diseases, shock, adrenocoritical insufficiency, etc | glucocorticoids
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| adverse effects of glucocorticoids: | has many adverse reactions; s/s of Cushing's syndrome (buffalo hump, moon face, oily skin, acne, osteoporosis, purple striae on abdomen and hips, skin pigmentation, weight gain, hypertension)
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| adrenal hormone-inhibiting drug used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome | aminoglutehimide (Cytadren)
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| adrenal hormone-inhibiting drug used in the treatment of adrenocoritcal carcinoma | mitotane (Lysodren)
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| adrenal hormone-inhibiting drug used in diagnosis of pituitary function: | metyrapone (Metopirone)
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| adverse effects of adrenal hormone-inhibiting drugs | nausea, abdominal distress, HA, drowsiness, dizziness, morbilliform (rash)
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| act to conserve sodium and increase potassium excretion; deficiencies result in a loss of sodium and retention of potassium; used as replacement therapy for deficiency | mineralcorticoids
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| mineralcorticoid medications: | Aldosterone, desoxycorticosterone (DOCA), fludrocortisone (Flurinef)
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| adverse effects of mineralcorticoids | edema, htn, CHF, enlargement of the heart, increased sweating, allergic skin rash, hypokalemia, muscular weakness, HA, hypersensitivity reactions
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| hormone secreted by the ovarian follicle and the adrenal cortex; important in the development and maintenance of female reportductive system | estrogen
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| estrogen medications: | Premarin, Estraderm
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| Uses of estrogen: | contraceptive, hormone replacment therapy, vasomotor symptoms of menopause
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| adverse effects of estrogen: | headache, migraine, dizziness, mental depression, chloasma, melasma (skin discolorations), n/v, abdominal cramps, pruritus, breakthrough bleeding, spotting, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, libido changes, breast tenderness
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| transforms the proliferate endometrium into a secretory endometrium; necessary for the development of the placenta and inhibits the secretion of pituitary gonatotropins, preventing maturation of ovarian follicle and ovulation; causes menopause | progestin drugs
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| uses of progestin drugs: | amenorrhea, endometriosis, functional uterine bleeding, contraception
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| adverse effects of progestin drug: | breakthrough bleeding, spotting, change in menstual flow, amenorrhea, breast tenderness, edema, weight increase or decrease, acne, chloasma, melasma, depression
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| estrogen and progestin combinations | contraceptive hormones
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| Contraceptive hormones are: | monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic
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| testosterone and its derivatives - collectively called androgens | male hormones
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| male hormone; actuate the reporductive process in men; aid in the development of male secondary sex characteristics; promote anabolism and catabolism | androgens
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| androgen medications | fluoxymesterone and testosterone
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| stimulates the growth in size of accessory sex organs at puberty | testosterone
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| replacement therapy for testosterone deficiency, inoperable metastatic breast cancer | androgens
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| adverse effects of androgens: | gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, impotence, nausea, jaundice, headache, anxiety, male pattern baldness, depression, amenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, virilization
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| located in the neck in front of the trachea; highly vascular gland that secretes 2 hormones | thyroid gland
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| thyroid secretes: | thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
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| _______ is essential element in hormone production. | Iodine
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| Activity regulated by: | thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (?)
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| Two diseases related to hormone-producing activity: | hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism
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| antithyroid used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxic crisis | propylthiouracil (PTU)
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| antithyroid used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism; strong iodine solution (Lugol's Solution); used in preparation for thyroidectomy | Methimazole (Topazol)
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| antithyroid used in the short-term treatment of Graves disease and thyrotoxic crisis | potassium iodide solution (SSKI)
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| adverse effects of potassium iodide solution (SSKI) | hypothyroidism
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| act to increase metabolic rate; replacement therapy in hypothyroidism, euthyroid creation, thyrotoxicosis | thyroid hormones
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| thyroid hormone drugs | levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl)
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| adverse effects of thyroid hormones: | palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, headache, insomnia, diarrhea
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| assists parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin in regulating calcium | hypocalcemic drugs
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| hypocalcemic medication | vitamin D
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| hypercalcemic drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease | Miacalcin
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| hypercalcemic drug used in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, steroid-induced osterporosis, male osteoporosis, Paget's disease | Fosamax
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| hypercalcemic drug used in treatment of Paget's disease and hypercalcemia associated with malignancy | Didronel
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| hypercalcemic drug used in the treatment of portmenopausal osteoporosis, steroid-induced osteoporosis, Paget's disease | Actonel
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| hypercalcemic drug used in the treatment of hypercalcemia associated with malignancy | Ganite
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| adverse reactions to hypercalcemic drugs: | facial flushing, nausea
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| ____________ is the hypercalcemic drug most often seen. | Fosomax
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| When taking a hypercalcemic drug, sit up for ________ afterward. | sit up.
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| The next questions were gone over as a review for the test. :) | :)
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| for short-term relief of GI upset, use: | antacid
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| to treat peptic ulcer, use: | Histamine H-2 Receptors
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| to treat gastric ulcer, use: | proton pump inhibitors
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| difference in using proton pump inhibitors or histamine h2 receptors is determined by: | location in the stomach
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| Do proton pump inhibitors work immediately? | no - take 1-2 weeks
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| Can antacids be taken with proton pump inhibitors? | NO
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| Can antacids be taken with histamine H2 receptors? | yes
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| when treating for GERD, will relief be imediate? | no - builds up over time
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| How long does it take antacids to work? | 30 min - 1 hour
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| Know basic info about insulin | --
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| To find medication to treat ulcers, it is usually done with: | trial and error
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| If a pt has abdominal pain because of spicy foods, what should they take? | antacid
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| For duodenal ulcer, the most common drug used to treat is: | Protonix (an H2 receptor)
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| If a pt has abdominal bloating, what would be given? | antiflatulent
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| If a pt is alcoholic, how would an ulcer be treated? | with an antispasmotic AND anticholinergic
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| Most effective anticholinergic for irritable bowel syndrome and has minimal side effects: | Anaspaz
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| used to clearly evacuate bowel before diagnostic procedure | saline laxative
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| If pt has been on Ex-Lax it would be important to check: | electrolyte balance - to see if potassium is in balance because of potassium - can effect heart (cardiac) cells
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| Medication given to breakdown gall stones (which can be caused by excess cholesterol) | Chenix - chenodyle (spelling??)
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| Simethecone | takes the foam off - antiflatulant
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| Disulfiram | drug of choice for alcoholism - makes alcohol taste horrible - will make you very sick if you drink alcohol or take anything with alcohol in it.
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| Teach patients to _____________ when taking laxatives. | drink lots of water
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| If taking med for constipation, you should/should not take medication with milk? | should not (Milk can cause constipation and aggrevate irritable bowel syndrome)
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| When drawing up anticoagulants: | change needle after drawing up
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| Concentrate on classifications and teaching of drugs. |
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|
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