Criminal Justice Chapter 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| law enforcement has been used synonymously with _________ | policing
🗑
|
||||
| policing is one aspect of ______ ___________ | law enforcement
🗑
|
||||
| defining policing | law enforcement; ex. police direct traffic, deal with neighborhood disturbance & fill out paper work; police officers are people to whom society has granted the power to use physical force when they deem necessary or appropriate
🗑
|
||||
| vigilantism | use of volunteer, self-appointed committees organized to suppress crime & punish criminals
🗑
|
||||
| 1700s-1900s | vigilantism; organized groups of more than or equal to participants who were the elites of the community
🗑
|
||||
| vigilantism use to be local _____________ | residents
🗑
|
||||
| examples of vigilantism | wild west sheriff & people who got their friends together and punished their enemies
🗑
|
||||
| vilgilantism enforces _______ not _______ | norms; laws
🗑
|
||||
| slave patrols | capturing fugities; originally to keep slaves from running away; kept whites on top; 1st publically funded city police departments; slavery was legally protected
🗑
|
||||
| The English Model | prevented crime; frank pledge; watch system; preventive patrol
🗑
|
||||
| frank pledge | peace keeping system in early England where a group of 10 local families agreed to maintain the peace & make sure law breakers were taken into custody & brought to court
🗑
|
||||
| watch system | system where particular men were assigned the job of watchman & became responsible for patrolling the streets, lighting lanterns, serving as a lookout for fires, and generally keeping order; replaced frankpledge
🗑
|
||||
| preventive patrol | officers maintaining a visible presence in communities to serve as a deterrant to a variety of street-level crimes
🗑
|
||||
| NYC police 1800 vs. England police | NYC: only people they knew trusted them, much diversity; England: public trust them, little ethnic diversity
🗑
|
||||
| political era | patronage-based policing; local political bosses selected members of their party to be police officials as a reward for party loyalty; based on who not what they knew; use of common force "street justice" (punishing suspect on the spot)
🗑
|
||||
| what police era was from 1840's - 1920s | political era
🗑
|
||||
| what did the political era begin with | the creation of organized police departments in USA's major cities
🗑
|
||||
| political era had police officer's receive ___________ training | little or no
🗑
|
||||
| role of police in political era | to control undesireable immigrants, maintain order, & provide a variety of social services
🗑
|
||||
| when was the professional era | 1920's - 1970s
🗑
|
||||
| professional era | the police as law enforcers
🗑
|
||||
| many reforms in professional era | hire based on knowledge not politics; training became more systematic
🗑
|
||||
| hire of minority officers ___________ during the professional era because they were less likely to have education needed | decreased
🗑
|
||||
| crime ________ during the professional era | increased
🗑
|
||||
| during professional era many citizens disliked police | because of how they were handling anti-Vietnam protests
🗑
|
||||
| 911 system was developed during the | professional era
🗑
|
||||
| technology changes in professional era | police cars began; UCR becan; phones became more accessable
🗑
|
||||
| when did August Vollmer live? | 1876-1955
🗑
|
||||
| August Vollmer | professional era; 1st police chief of Berkeley, CA; believed in science & hiring knowledgeable people; began to link certain crimes together
🗑
|
||||
| community policing era | working for-and with-the public; emphasizes crime prevention; engage residents in policing to help prevent crimes; community policing; relationship between police & society changed (supposed to have + relationships)
🗑
|
||||
| community policing | philosophy of policing that emphasizes crime prevention and focuses on developing positive relations between the police and the public
🗑
|
||||
| community policing era demanded ________ time from officers | more; time to establish positive relationships
🗑
|
||||
| proactive policing | prevent crime, don't react to it; community policing era
🗑
|
||||
| when was the community policing era | 1970's-present
🗑
|
||||
| when was slave patrols used | 1740s - 1840s
🗑
|
||||
| when was the English Model used | 1700-1800
🗑
|
||||
| what's the difference between vagilantism and slave patrols? | vagilantism-residents organized to punish people deemed out laws; slave patrols-residents organized to enforce laws meant to control slaves
🗑
|
||||
| what's the difference between English model and political era? | English-local patrol force had limited authority & quasimilitary organizational structure.police departments in US cities developed similarily; political-police get jobs because of political affiliation& enforced the priorities of the political party
🗑
|
||||
| what's the difference between the professional and community policing eras? | professional-focus was on enforcing the law, hiring qualified officers, using technology, & improving police training; community-focus on crime prevention with the assistance of improved relations with community members
🗑
|
||||
| sworn personnel | "peace officers"; police department employees entrusted with arrest powers
🗑
|
||||
| non sworn personnel | civilians
🗑
|
||||
| 2 categories of local law enforcement agencies | sheriffs' offices; police departments
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency typically polices counties where no city provides law enforcement services | sheriffs' office
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency responds to violations of criminal statues (defined by state-level penal codes) & violations of city or county ordinances | sheriffs' offices
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency provides jail facilities for both accused & convicted persons | sheriffs' offices
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency provides transportation services for all incarcerated persons within counties | sheriffs' offices
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency serves summonses & subpoenas, provide court security, serve eviction notices, & enforce child support laws | sheriffs' offices
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency has a higher number of people than the other local law enforcement agency | police departments (4:1 ratio)
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency operates in usually rural areas | police departments
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency performs most law enforcement duties | police departments
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency responds to violations of state penal codes & local ordinances | police departments & sheriffs' offices
🗑
|
||||
| which local law enforcement agency generally provides only temporary housing of arrested persons & arrested persons remain in custody only until their initial appearence in court | police departments
🗑
|
||||
| summons | direct persons accused of crimes to appear in court
🗑
|
||||
| subpoena | direct individuals to appear in court to present evidence
🗑
|
||||
| state law enforcement agencies | greatly vary; roles & missions are defined by state law; 1/2 of state agencies have crime lab services open to local police departments
🗑
|
||||
| examples of state law enforcement agencies | motor vehicle law violation investigation, lottery, oversight, alcoholic beverage control, & narcotics enforcement
🗑
|
||||
| state law enforcement agencies make up _____ % of the law enforcement community | 8
🗑
|
||||
| federal law enforcement agencies | deal with violations of federal statues
🗑
|
||||
| examples of federal law enforcement agencies | FBI, DEA, Secret Services
🗑
|
||||
| Department of Justice (DOJ) | chief law enforcement department; headed by attorney general in president's cabinet; provides federal leadership in preventing & controlling crime; ensureing public safety against foreign & domestic threats
🗑
|
||||
| what makes up the DOJ | FBI, DEA, ATF, & US Marshals Services
🗑
|
||||
| what is the mission of the FBI | to protect & defend the USA against terrorism & foreign intelligence threats & to uphold/enforce the nation's criminal laws (ex. finger print identification)
🗑
|
||||
| What does the DEA do? | enforce USA's laws & regulation on substances; investigates & prepares for the prosecution of those charged with violating controlled substance laws at interstate & international levels
🗑
|
||||
| what does the ATF do? | enforces federal laws, regulates the fire arms & explosives industries, & investigates & reduces crimes involving firearms, explosives, acts of arson, & illegal trafficking of alcohol & tobacco
🗑
|
||||
| US Marshals Service | oldest federal law enforcement agency; backbone; apprehend federal fugitives, protect the federal judiciary, operate the witness security program, transport federal prisoners, and seize property acquired by criminals through illegal activities
🗑
|
||||
| definition of the problem of fragmentation | lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies in the same geographical region due to the existence of many small departments; ex. one agency may have info to help the another but the info isn't shared
🗑
|
||||
| requirements for recruitment | must have good oral and written communication skills; must be physically and psychologically fit, free of convictions of criminal history, and have a solid employment history
🗑
|
||||
| demand for officers is always | increasing
🗑
|
||||
| because of the perception of police officers in our community recruiting is becoming | harder
🗑
|
||||
| methods of recruitment | newspaper, career fairs, internet, college internships, and career exploration groups
🗑
|
||||
| which group is hit hardest in police recruitment | grad students
🗑
|
||||
| selection process includes | mental & physical tests; background checks; good moral character checks; solid work effort checks
🗑
|
||||
| siege mentality | police view of themselves as a "band of brothers" or "sisters"-against everyone else in society
🗑
|
||||
| service-oriented police department | balances enforcement activities and basic police work with sensitivity to community needs and believes trust with the community is important
🗑
|
||||
| what is the most common police officer (physical description) | white male
🗑
|
||||
| demographics of candidates | work ton increase minorities; some places think women lack physical strength necessary for police work
🗑
|
||||
| do males or females tend to have less lawsuits brought about by using inappropriate force | females
🗑
|
||||
| in minority areas | blacks & Latinos are morel likely to be hired
🗑
|
||||
| training facilities today | states train recruits academically and physically; more more standardized than it used to be
🗑
|
||||
| training curricula | supervised field training; professional training must be completed every few years to refresh skills; adult learning; stimulation-based training
🗑
|
||||
| adult learning | rapidly replacing traditional lecture format; method of learning that emphasizes engaging the learner's experiences in the curriculum
🗑
|
||||
| simulation-based training | use of computers, media players, interactive screens, and authentic looking replicas of police firearms and vehicles to simulate field conditions
🗑
|
||||
| training in legal issues | designed to help officers perform well; helps shield officers & employers from lawsuits; standardized training establishes common practices
🗑
|
||||
| w types of police subculture | police occupational and police organizational
🗑
|
||||
| police occupational subculture | norms and beliefs embraced by most officers in a given country; influenced by perception of danger etc
🗑
|
||||
| police organizational subculture | norms and beliefs particular to an individual department; ex. one department values this another values that
🗑
|
||||
| blue code of silence | adherence to a code of conduct that places loyalty to fellow officers above all other values
🗑
|
||||
| officers expect but rarely receive... | respect
🗑
|
||||
| largest police tool is | communication
🗑
|
||||
| us vs. them mentality | police vs. citizens; citizens lie to officers; officers know they're lied to; isolates police
🗑
|
||||
| pressure put on police | everyone is watching them
🗑
|
||||
| police are evaluated based on _______________ not _____________ | action not daily police work (and the officers begin to believe that's the most important part of their job)
🗑
|
||||
| discretion | authority to act in a manner that officers judge most appropriate for a given situation; there are too many laws to be enforced so officers make their best judgement
🗑
|
||||
| positives of police discretion | allows officers to act in the most just manner in a given situation; allows officers to decide where to focus their energy; increased justice
🗑
|
||||
| negatives of police discretion | temtation to abuse power; allows room for racism; allows some people who deserve punishment to avoid it
🗑
|
||||
| influences on the use of discretion | seriousness of crime; circumstance; gender; age; intoxiaction; race; location; victim/perpertraitor relationship
🗑
|
||||
| racial profiling | police contact with an individual initiated because of the person's skin color or ethnicity
🗑
|
||||
| victims and the use of discretion | the greatest influence on the decision to arrest is the victim's or complinant's preference for arrest
🗑
|
||||
| victim and perpertraitor relationship | usually victims need more protection if they know their attacker
🗑
|
||||
| abuse of authority __________ their relationship with the community | damages
🗑
|
||||
| miseuse of authority | police disregard for policies, rules, or laws in the performance of their duty
🗑
|
||||
| noble cause | justification for wrongdoing committed by an officer based on the premise that the end justifies the means
🗑
|
||||
| officers who misuse authority may face _________________ prosecutions for violations of state and federal laws | criminal
🗑
|
||||
| excessive force and false arrests can cause police officers to | face charges (it's an abuse of power)
🗑
|
||||
| corruption | misuse of authority for personal gain, such as skimming seized narcotics monies; motives aren't always monitary
🗑
|
||||
| 2 schools of thought why corruption happens | organizational explanations for police corruption; individual explanations for police corruption
🗑
|
||||
| organizational explanations for police corruption | police subculture and "code of silence" to blame; afraid of being a rat or left behind in a dangerous situation
🗑
|
||||
| individual explanations for police corruption | personality; lack of empathy; stress; difficulty following rules
🗑
|
||||
| integrity | adherence to moral principles and professional standards; opposite of abuse
🗑
|
||||
| management's leading role | responsible for reducing vulnerability in the police force; punishes abuse; must demonstrate integrity
🗑
|
||||
| early warning systems | data driven programs that idenfity police whose behavior suggests misconduct; automatically records officers roles in situations; helps find patterns
🗑
|
||||
| targeted integrity testing | strategy of using controlled opportunities to test for unlawful or unethnical behavior ; test unlawful behavior; officers are monitored to see if they take the bait
🗑
|
||||
| formal mechanisms for detecting and investigating misconduct | internal affairs units handle and report misconduct; report and discuss misconduct complaints; must have speedy and fair resolution of complaints
🗑
|
||||
| privatization | the transfer of government programs and functions to the private sector
🗑
|
||||
| private security | any individual, organization, or service-other than public law enforcement and regulatory agencies-engaged primarily in the prevention and investigation of crime, loss, or harm to specific individuals, organizations, or facilities
🗑
|
||||
| growth of private security | 2x the amount of private security officers in USA vs. public law enforcement officers; also instal security alarms; private security companies often augment the workforce employed by the TSA
🗑
|
||||
| quality concerns of private security | originally poor discipline and no license necessary; lots of abuse originally; lots more training enhancements now
🗑
|
||||
| private security/law enforcement cooperation | some economic crimes are beyond the jurisdiction of local police; high-tech crimes are hard to investigate; private companies are afraid of $ loss and so pair up with private police officers
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
530848841
Popular Law sets