Amino acids/protien
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| Define tetrapeptide. | 4 Amino acids linked together
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| A protein made up of three different proteins and is found in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Its main function is to regulate muscle contraction. Used to diagnose and monitor MI. | Troponin
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| Copper containing protein | Ceruloplasmin
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| Define Tertiary structure of a protein. | The three-dimensional structure of a protein
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| Define amphoteric. | proteins can have a postive or negative charge
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| (an acute phase reactant) neutralizes enzymes that can cause structure damage to proteins | Alpha-1 antitrypsin
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| Contain peptide chains, which, on hydrolysis (addition of water) breakdown into amino acids only. | Simple proteins
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| Define the quaternary structure of a protein. | The arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains
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| Define primary structure of a protein. | Number, kinds of amino acids, and their sequence in the polypeptide chain
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| Define dipeptide. | 2 amino acids linked together
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| protein marker for neural tube disorders, spina bifida and fetal distress in general | Alpha-1 fetoprotein (AFP)
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| Define the secondary structure of a protein. | Winding of the polypeptide chain, usualy forms a helix
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| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino acids
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| Define polypeptide. | More than 4 amino acids linked together.
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| Antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgD, IgE, IgA) | Immunoglobulins
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| Five common bands seen on a serum electrophoresis. | albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta-globulins, gamma globulins
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| An increased level of protein above the normal patient reference range. | Hyperproteinemia
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| (plasma protein in highest concentration in blood) maintains blood pressure and binds various substances in the blood | Albumin
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| Binds free hemoglobin – used to evaluate rheumatic disease and intravascular hemolysis | Haptoglobin
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| Removal of heme portion of hemoglobin molecule from the blood | Hemopexin
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| Define tripeptide. | 3 amino acids linked together
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| A protein found in skeletal and cardiac muscles, concentration level increases in the blood when there is damage to muscles. | Myoglobin
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| Define aminoacidopathy. | Enzyme defect that inhibits the body's ability to metabolize certain amino acids
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| Forms fibron clot when activated by thrombin | Fibrinogen
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| Define denaturation. | Loss of function & molecular characteristics due to heat, hydrolysis, UV light.
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| Inhibits thrombin and certain enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) | Alpha-2 macroglobulin
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| A collection of several proteins that participate in the immune response, also participate in the inflammatory response | Complement
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| (acute phase reactant) associated with inflammatory conditions, phagocytosis | C-reactive protein (CRP)
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| A decreased level of protein below the normal patient reference range. | Hypoproteinemia
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| Define nitrogen balance. | anabolism equals catabolism
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| Separates proteins on the basis of the isoelectric potential (pI). | Principle of isoelectric focusing (IEF)
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| Separates proteins on the basis of their electrical charges | Electrophoresis
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| Transports iron and prevents loss of iron through the kidneys | Transferrin
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| Define isoelectric point (pI). | When the AA or protein has no charge.
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| Transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids in the blood | Lipoproteins
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| Component of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) (Major histocompatibility complex that deals with immunity) | Beta-2 microglobulin
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| Serves as a transport mechanism for the thyroid hormones, also an indicator of malnutrition | Prealbumin
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| Are made up of a couple of structures - an apoprotein and a prosthetic group (carbohydrate, lipid, porphyrin, metals, etc.) | Conjugated proteins
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