activity and exercise
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| normal hgb | males 14-16
females 12-14
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| cardiac output | the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction
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| cardiac output = | heart rate x stroke volume
average 5L/min
range 4-8L/min
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| heart rate | number of beats per minute
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| stroke volume | amount of blood that enters the arteries with each contraction
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| apex | bottom of heart
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| base | top of heart
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| great vessels of the heart | superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta
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| Left lung | two lobes
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| right lung | three lobes
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| low pressure vessels | veins
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| high pressure vessels | arteries
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| The thickest cardiac muscle | left ventricle
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| Conductive pathway "Plan A" | SA Node (sino atrial) located in right atria. electrical impulses cause heart muscle to depolaraize (contract) in the SA Node. 60-100 times/min
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| the pacemaker of the heart | SA Node
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| Conductive pathway "Plan B" | AV Node (atrial ventricular) beats 40-60/min. may not be enough. may feel lightheaded, dizzy.
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| conductive pathway "Plan C" | Bundle of His 20-40 beats/min. not enough. will need pacemaker, meds.
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| P Wave | beginning of heart rate. right and left atrial contraction/depolarization starts here sending blood to ventricles.
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| PR interval | allowing ventricles to fill
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| QRS | ventricle depolarization. ventricles are contracting.
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| T wave | ventricle repolarization/relaxing
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| no reflection | atrial repolarization/relaxation
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| dialostic | repolarization
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| systolic | depolarization/contraction
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| first heart sound | S1 systole. lubb sound
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| second heart sound | S2 diastole. longer than systole.
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| third heart sound | S3 heard in diastole in kids and young adults. use bell. called ventricular gallop
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| fourth heart sound | S4 heard in late diastole/early systole. called atrial gallop
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| S&S of right side heart failure | swelling, edema, distended veins, feet swelling during the day
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| S&S of left side heart failure | SOB, increase resp rate
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| location of aortic valve | right of sternum 2nd ics.
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| location of pulmonic valve | left of sternum 2nd ics
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| location of tricuspid valve | left of sternum 5th ics
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| location of bicuspid(mitral) valve | left of sternum 5th ics, medial to midclavicular line. (apical pulse)
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| oxygenated blood is found here | arteries. flow away from heart.
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| dexoygenated blood is found here | veins. flow back to heart.
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| point of maximal impulse (PMI) | apical pulse. in apex of heart.
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| grading pulses: 0, 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ | non palapable, weak, normal, full, bounding(may indicate heart condition)
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| pulse deficit | diff between apical and radial pulse.
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| JVD Juglar Vein Distention on right side may indicate | CHF. If bulging with head elevated a + finding.
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| vasoconstriction | vessels getting smaller. b/p increases
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| vasodilation | vessels getting bigger. b/p decreases
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| innervates heart through vagus nerve. supplies sa node, atrial muscle fibers, and av node. causes heart rate to slow down | parasympathetic
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| fight or flight. supplies all areas of atria and ventricles. causes heart to speed up. | sympathetic
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| located in walls of carotid sinus and aortic arch. detects b/p changes | baroreceptors(pressorreceptors)
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| angina | decreased o2 to heart
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| pericarditis | heart sac inflamation
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| activity tolerance classification. | class I, class II, class III, class IV
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| class I | has heart disease. asymptomatic
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| class II | slight limitations. no distress at rest.
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| class III | significant limitation. no distress at rest but low intensity activity causes palpations,sob, etc.
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| class IV | symptoms at rest. any activity aggravates symptoms.
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| pulmonic chest pain | pleuritic pain. sharp knife-like. related to lungs.
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| claudication | intermittent sharp cramping in legs after activity. ischemia, atherosclerosis
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| fatigue | low energy levels
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| weakness | decreased muscular strength
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| SOB | shortness of breath. dyspnea. can be cardiac, psychogenic, respiratory
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| self care abilities | 0, I, II, III, IV
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| self care 0 | pt can do everything for self
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| self care I | pt needs help with equipment ie walker, cane...
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| self care II | pt needs help of one person
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| self care III | pt needs help of one person and equipment.
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| self care IV | totally dependent on others.
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