culture, religion, values, code of ethics
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| Ethics | the critical examination of situations that involve questions of right and wrong
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| Morality | set of rules which guide our conduct (personal, social, religious, etc.)
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| Ethnocentrism | judging behaviors or values of someone from another culture by the standards of one’s own culture
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| Nonmaleficence | principle requiring one to act in a manner to avoid causing harm to another; “do no harm”
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| Deontology | ethical theory in which rightness of actions depends upon the nature of the act; duty based; Kant
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| Integrity | a cardinal virtue that is pivotal in characterizing a virtuous person
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| Beneficence | principle that requires one to act in ways that benefit another; “do good”
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| Autonomy | principle supporting self
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| Fidelity | principle related to promise keeping and faithfulness
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| Veracity | truth-telling
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| Teleology | ethical theory in which right action are based on consequences of those actions; consequences based; Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill
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| Principles | basic moral “truths” that guide deliberation and action
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| Justice | principle related to fair and equitable treatment
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| Confidentiality | principle of nondisclosure of private information
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| Respect | honoring the rights of another as a unique human being
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| Universalism | the view that there are general principles that apply to all people in all cultures
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| Self-awareness | the first step in developing an ethical foundation for one’s nursing practice
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| Paternalism | making decisions on behalf of the client without that person’s full consent or knowledge
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| Ethical universalism | the belief that morality is based on universal principles
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| Ethical relativism | the belief that rules of right and wrong (morality) are dependent upon the culture in which they develop. There are no universal rules.
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| Phronesis | knowledge and wisdom
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| Agape | passionate concern for the well being of others
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| Ethics of care relationship based | right acts are those that consider caring for in the context of relationships; emotional connectedness
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| Utilitarianism | produce maximal value over disvalue (greater good)
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| Character of virtue ethics | emphasizes the moral agents; virtues: actions and motivations
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| Culture | total life ways of a group consisting of learned patterns of values, beliefs, behaviors, and customs which are shared by the group; Aristotle
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| Cultural awareness | knowledge about your own and others values, beliefs, and behaviors
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| Cultural sensitivity | ability to incorporate others cultural perspective into your nursing care
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| Ethnocentrism | the tendency to think that one’s own ways of thinking, feeling, believing, and acting are the only “right” ways
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| Relativism | the belief that human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are a product of, and depend upon, the culture in which they exist
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| Values | ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that are highly prized or preferred by individuals, groups, or society
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| Intrinsic values | originate within the self; maintenance of life
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| Extrinsic values | originate outside the individual; not necessary for physical life
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| Overt values | explicitly communicated through written or public discourse; policies, standards
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| Covert values | implicitly identified through verbal and nonverbal behavior
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| 4 different kinds of beliefs | existential, evaluative, prescriptive, and proscriptive
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| Attitude | a feeling tone directed toward a person, object, or idea
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| Process of values | choosing, prizing, acting
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| Choosing | evaluating values reflected in beliefs and heabiors, examining alternatives and consequences, and deciding what is one’s own
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| Prizing | knowing what one supports and communicating this to others
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| Acting | consistent pattern of behavior that reflects congruence with one’s values and beliefs
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| Moral development | a complex process whereby a person forms a world view (a way of viewing ethical within moral community)
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| Moral judgment | a process of making assessment about an ethical situation in which there is conflict of values, principles, or expected behaviors
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| Justice perspective | focus is on principles; Kohlberg
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| Care perspective | focus is on relationships; Gilligan
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| Compassion | active regard for another’s welfare with awareness and emotional response of discomfort for another’s suffering
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| Discernment | sensitivity and attention to the demands of a particular context in a situation
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| Trustworthiness | confidence in and reliance upon the ability and moral character of another
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| Integrity | adherence to one’s moral norms over time with consistency of convictions, action and emotions
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| Duties | obligations that grow out of moral bonds
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| Rights | claims a person can make that involve responsibility to others
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| Character traits | disposition to act in a certain way
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| Naturalism | a view of moral judgment that regards ethics as dependent upon human nature
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| Rationalism | believe that there are absolute truths that do not depend upon human nature
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| Code of Hammurabi | conduct demanded of healers
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| Hippocratic Oath | identified finer virtues of physician
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| Code of Ethics for Nurses | a collective expression of nursing conscience and philosophy that serves to inform the nurse and society of the profession’s expectations and requirements in ethical matters
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| Provision 1 to 3 | fundamental values and commitments of the nurse
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| Provision 4 to 6 | boundaries of duty and loyalty
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| Provision 7 to 9 | duties beyond the patient encounters
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Created by:
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