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HCR 210 EXAM 1
culture, religion, values, code of ethics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ethics | the critical examination of situations that involve questions of right and wrong |
| Morality | set of rules which guide our conduct (personal, social, religious, etc.) |
| Ethnocentrism | judging behaviors or values of someone from another culture by the standards of one’s own culture |
| Nonmaleficence | principle requiring one to act in a manner to avoid causing harm to another; “do no harm” |
| Deontology | ethical theory in which rightness of actions depends upon the nature of the act; duty based; Kant |
| Integrity | a cardinal virtue that is pivotal in characterizing a virtuous person |
| Beneficence | principle that requires one to act in ways that benefit another; “do good” |
| Autonomy | principle supporting self |
| Fidelity | principle related to promise keeping and faithfulness |
| Veracity | truth-telling |
| Teleology | ethical theory in which right action are based on consequences of those actions; consequences based; Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill |
| Principles | basic moral “truths” that guide deliberation and action |
| Justice | principle related to fair and equitable treatment |
| Confidentiality | principle of nondisclosure of private information |
| Respect | honoring the rights of another as a unique human being |
| Universalism | the view that there are general principles that apply to all people in all cultures |
| Self-awareness | the first step in developing an ethical foundation for one’s nursing practice |
| Paternalism | making decisions on behalf of the client without that person’s full consent or knowledge |
| Ethical universalism | the belief that morality is based on universal principles |
| Ethical relativism | the belief that rules of right and wrong (morality) are dependent upon the culture in which they develop. There are no universal rules. |
| Phronesis | knowledge and wisdom |
| Agape | passionate concern for the well being of others |
| Ethics of care relationship based | right acts are those that consider caring for in the context of relationships; emotional connectedness |
| Utilitarianism | produce maximal value over disvalue (greater good) |
| Character of virtue ethics | emphasizes the moral agents; virtues: actions and motivations |
| Culture | total life ways of a group consisting of learned patterns of values, beliefs, behaviors, and customs which are shared by the group; Aristotle |
| Cultural awareness | knowledge about your own and others values, beliefs, and behaviors |
| Cultural sensitivity | ability to incorporate others cultural perspective into your nursing care |
| Ethnocentrism | the tendency to think that one’s own ways of thinking, feeling, believing, and acting are the only “right” ways |
| Relativism | the belief that human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are a product of, and depend upon, the culture in which they exist |
| Values | ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that are highly prized or preferred by individuals, groups, or society |
| Intrinsic values | originate within the self; maintenance of life |
| Extrinsic values | originate outside the individual; not necessary for physical life |
| Overt values | explicitly communicated through written or public discourse; policies, standards |
| Covert values | implicitly identified through verbal and nonverbal behavior |
| 4 different kinds of beliefs | existential, evaluative, prescriptive, and proscriptive |
| Attitude | a feeling tone directed toward a person, object, or idea |
| Process of values | choosing, prizing, acting |
| Choosing | evaluating values reflected in beliefs and heabiors, examining alternatives and consequences, and deciding what is one’s own |
| Prizing | knowing what one supports and communicating this to others |
| Acting | consistent pattern of behavior that reflects congruence with one’s values and beliefs |
| Moral development | a complex process whereby a person forms a world view (a way of viewing ethical within moral community) |
| Moral judgment | a process of making assessment about an ethical situation in which there is conflict of values, principles, or expected behaviors |
| Justice perspective | focus is on principles; Kohlberg |
| Care perspective | focus is on relationships; Gilligan |
| Compassion | active regard for another’s welfare with awareness and emotional response of discomfort for another’s suffering |
| Discernment | sensitivity and attention to the demands of a particular context in a situation |
| Trustworthiness | confidence in and reliance upon the ability and moral character of another |
| Integrity | adherence to one’s moral norms over time with consistency of convictions, action and emotions |
| Duties | obligations that grow out of moral bonds |
| Rights | claims a person can make that involve responsibility to others |
| Character traits | disposition to act in a certain way |
| Naturalism | a view of moral judgment that regards ethics as dependent upon human nature |
| Rationalism | believe that there are absolute truths that do not depend upon human nature |
| Code of Hammurabi | conduct demanded of healers |
| Hippocratic Oath | identified finer virtues of physician |
| Code of Ethics for Nurses | a collective expression of nursing conscience and philosophy that serves to inform the nurse and society of the profession’s expectations and requirements in ethical matters |
| Provision 1 to 3 | fundamental values and commitments of the nurse |
| Provision 4 to 6 | boundaries of duty and loyalty |
| Provision 7 to 9 | duties beyond the patient encounters |
Created by:
slarmentrout
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