Ch. 26/27 Potter/Perry
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| How does body alignment improve body mechanics | reduces strain, maintains muscle tone, contributes to balance
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| How do you achieve body balance? | have center of gravity, widen base, bend knees
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| How do you reduce friction to help with body mechanics? | lift, not push when moving pxt in bed
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| Tendons cartilage joints ligaments | connect muscle to bone
connective tissue, shock absorber
b/n bones, mobility
joins bones
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| What is the origin of a muscle? What is insertion point? | point of attachment
moves when muscle contracts
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| What do synergistic muscles do? | maintain posture, initiate mvmt.
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| What are antigravity muscles? | joint stabilization
ex: extensors of leg, butt
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| What are antagonistic muscles? | bring about mvmt of joint
ex: extension of arm, triceps contract
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| What is proprioception? | awareness of position of body and found on nerve endings
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| Which part of the brain controls balance? | cerebellum and inner ear
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| What controls voluntary motor function? | motorstrip in cerebral cortex
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| What is example of congenital defect? | scoliosis, osteogenesis
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| Name disorders of joint and muscles | osteoporosis, arthritis
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| What is osteogenesis imperfecta? | inherited and affects bones that are porous,short,bowed,deformed
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| What is included in assessment of body alignment? | observe standing, sitting, recumbent or straight vertebrae
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| Assessing mobility | ROJM,gait,excercise
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| Guidelines for fitness program | assess fitness level, design program, assemble equip., get started, monitor progress
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| How to lift properly | tighten stomach muscles, bend at knees, keep weight close to body, avoid twisting, center of gravity
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| How often should you reposition pxt in bed? in chair? | Q2h
Q 20-30 min
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| Fowler's/semi-fowler's | cardiace/resp probs
elevate bed 45 to 60 degrees
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| What does 30 deg. lateral help avoid? | pressure ulcers
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| what is active ROM? Passive? | pxt moves self, nurse moves pxt
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| If body is in plantar flexion, and spine is hyperextended, what is compromised? | lung expansion
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| When is quad cane used? | partial or complete paralysis or some hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of body)
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| Two types of crutches | double adjustable Lofstrand or forearm crutch, axillary
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| What is proper length of crutch? | 3-4 finger widths from axilla to a point 6 inches to heel
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| Four standard gaits for crutches | 4 point alternating gait, 3 point, 2 point, swing through
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| How much weight does each gait bear? | 4 pt TWB on both legs
3 pt TWB on 1 ft
2 pt PWB on ea foot
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| What maintains a safe environment? | sanitation maintained, home safe, basic needs, reduce transmission of pathogens, pollution controlled
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| What are our basic needs? | O2, nutrition, sleep, water
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| what are Maslow's hierarchy of needs? | Low - High
physiological, safety, love/belonging, self esteem, self actualization
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| what are top 3 hazards for child ingestion? | cleaning products, personal care products, medications
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| what is a comfortable temp? | 18.3C - 23.8C (65-75F)
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| What factors affect safety? | inadequate lighting, barriers, no safety devices, poison, home fires, natural disasters, bioterrorist attack, pathogens
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| What does R.A.C.E. | Rescue pxt, Activate alarm, Contain fire, Evacuate
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| What is P.A.S.S. | Pull pin, Aim low, Squeeze, Sweep
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| What is the ABC's of fire extenguishers? | A-combustibles
B-liquids
C-electrical
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| What should a water heater be set at? | 120F or less
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| Who is at greatest hazard risk? | toddler, pre-school, school age
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| What is leading cause of death among 45-54 yrs? | drug related
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| what is leading cause of death among native americans? | alcohol
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| What is the poison control number? | 1-800-222-1222
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| How are pathogens spread? | bad hand hygiene, insects/parasites, bad human waste disposal, lack of immunizations, biohazard waste
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| What musculoskeletal changes show in older adults | strenth decr., joints less mobile, brittle bones, ROM limited
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| older adult nervous system changes | voluntary/autonomic reflexes slow, decr ability to respond to mult. stimuli, decr touch sensitivity
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| Sensory changes in older adults | decr peripheral vision, decr nigh vision, cataracts, hearing impaired
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| what are client centered accidents? | suicide, cutting, seizure (paroxysmal, episodic)
tonicity-rigid, clonicity-jerking
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| Procedure related accidents | med. errors, devices like IV
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| Equipment related accidents | IV Machine, electrical malfunction
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| What is SPLATT | S-symptoms of time of fall
P-previous fall
L-locations of fall
A-activity at time of fall
T-time of fall
T-trauma post fall
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| Types of restaints | physical and chemical
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| How often should you check on person in retraints? | Q2h, do not put up all bed rails
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| Never induce vomiting if pxt ingests | cleaners, hair care products, grease petroleum products, furniture polish, paint thinner, kerosene
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| physician evaluate pxt within | 1-4 hours after initiation of restraint
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| After ____ hrs, physician must see and assess pxt in restraints | 24
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