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Excercise/Safety
Ch. 26/27 Potter/Perry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does body alignment improve body mechanics | reduces strain, maintains muscle tone, contributes to balance |
| How do you achieve body balance? | have center of gravity, widen base, bend knees |
| How do you reduce friction to help with body mechanics? | lift, not push when moving pxt in bed |
| Tendons cartilage joints ligaments | connect muscle to bone connective tissue, shock absorber b/n bones, mobility joins bones |
| What is the origin of a muscle? What is insertion point? | point of attachment moves when muscle contracts |
| What do synergistic muscles do? | maintain posture, initiate mvmt. |
| What are antigravity muscles? | joint stabilization ex: extensors of leg, butt |
| What are antagonistic muscles? | bring about mvmt of joint ex: extension of arm, triceps contract |
| What is proprioception? | awareness of position of body and found on nerve endings |
| Which part of the brain controls balance? | cerebellum and inner ear |
| What controls voluntary motor function? | motorstrip in cerebral cortex |
| What is example of congenital defect? | scoliosis, osteogenesis |
| Name disorders of joint and muscles | osteoporosis, arthritis |
| What is osteogenesis imperfecta? | inherited and affects bones that are porous,short,bowed,deformed |
| What is included in assessment of body alignment? | observe standing, sitting, recumbent or straight vertebrae |
| Assessing mobility | ROJM,gait,excercise |
| Guidelines for fitness program | assess fitness level, design program, assemble equip., get started, monitor progress |
| How to lift properly | tighten stomach muscles, bend at knees, keep weight close to body, avoid twisting, center of gravity |
| How often should you reposition pxt in bed? in chair? | Q2h Q 20-30 min |
| Fowler's/semi-fowler's | cardiace/resp probs elevate bed 45 to 60 degrees |
| What does 30 deg. lateral help avoid? | pressure ulcers |
| what is active ROM? Passive? | pxt moves self, nurse moves pxt |
| If body is in plantar flexion, and spine is hyperextended, what is compromised? | lung expansion |
| When is quad cane used? | partial or complete paralysis or some hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of body) |
| Two types of crutches | double adjustable Lofstrand or forearm crutch, axillary |
| What is proper length of crutch? | 3-4 finger widths from axilla to a point 6 inches to heel |
| Four standard gaits for crutches | 4 point alternating gait, 3 point, 2 point, swing through |
| How much weight does each gait bear? | 4 pt TWB on both legs 3 pt TWB on 1 ft 2 pt PWB on ea foot |
| What maintains a safe environment? | sanitation maintained, home safe, basic needs, reduce transmission of pathogens, pollution controlled |
| What are our basic needs? | O2, nutrition, sleep, water |
| what are Maslow's hierarchy of needs? | Low - High physiological, safety, love/belonging, self esteem, self actualization |
| what are top 3 hazards for child ingestion? | cleaning products, personal care products, medications |
| what is a comfortable temp? | 18.3C - 23.8C (65-75F) |
| What factors affect safety? | inadequate lighting, barriers, no safety devices, poison, home fires, natural disasters, bioterrorist attack, pathogens |
| What does R.A.C.E. | Rescue pxt, Activate alarm, Contain fire, Evacuate |
| What is P.A.S.S. | Pull pin, Aim low, Squeeze, Sweep |
| What is the ABC's of fire extenguishers? | A-combustibles B-liquids C-electrical |
| What should a water heater be set at? | 120F or less |
| Who is at greatest hazard risk? | toddler, pre-school, school age |
| What is leading cause of death among 45-54 yrs? | drug related |
| what is leading cause of death among native americans? | alcohol |
| What is the poison control number? | 1-800-222-1222 |
| How are pathogens spread? | bad hand hygiene, insects/parasites, bad human waste disposal, lack of immunizations, biohazard waste |
| What musculoskeletal changes show in older adults | strenth decr., joints less mobile, brittle bones, ROM limited |
| older adult nervous system changes | voluntary/autonomic reflexes slow, decr ability to respond to mult. stimuli, decr touch sensitivity |
| Sensory changes in older adults | decr peripheral vision, decr nigh vision, cataracts, hearing impaired |
| what are client centered accidents? | suicide, cutting, seizure (paroxysmal, episodic) tonicity-rigid, clonicity-jerking |
| Procedure related accidents | med. errors, devices like IV |
| Equipment related accidents | IV Machine, electrical malfunction |
| What is SPLATT | S-symptoms of time of fall P-previous fall L-locations of fall A-activity at time of fall T-time of fall T-trauma post fall |
| Types of restaints | physical and chemical |
| How often should you check on person in retraints? | Q2h, do not put up all bed rails |
| Never induce vomiting if pxt ingests | cleaners, hair care products, grease petroleum products, furniture polish, paint thinner, kerosene |
| physician evaluate pxt within | 1-4 hours after initiation of restraint |
| After ____ hrs, physician must see and assess pxt in restraints | 24 |
Created by:
palmerag
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