Science Vocabulary for Stars Unit
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Protostar | an early stage in the process of star formation
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| Sunspots | They are caused by intense magnetic activity. Dark spots compared to surrounding areas.
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| Supernova | burst of radiation, new star
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| High mass Star Formation | main sequence, red super giant, supernova, black hole OR neutron star
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| Low mass star formation | main sequence, red giant, white dwarf
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| fusion | nuclei join together and expand the whole star
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| H-R Diagram | scatter graph of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes
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| Absolute magnitude | measure of a celestial object's brightness
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| Black hole | region of spacetime from which nothing (not even light) can escape
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| fission | (splitting of something into two parts) is a nuclear reaction where the nucleus splits into smaller parts , producing neutrons and protons (in the form of gamma rays), and releasing energy.
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| What does the sun effect? | EVERYTHING
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| How much mass does the Sun contain of the whole Solar System? | 98.86%
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| Different colored stars = | Different surface temperature
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| Sun | Hydrogen & Helium
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| Plasma | part of matter; when hydrogen atoms produce energy
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| At extreme temperatures, atoms... | Electrons are stripped off and leave nuclei
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| Core | Center of the sun
*matter is 10x denser than lead
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| gravity & Sun | Large amount of mass = continual nuclear reactions
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| radiation Zone | next to the core. Photons bounce
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| Interface Layer | Between radiation zone and convection zone. Magnetic field
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| Convection Zone | *Cooler temperature = atoms with electrons will have convect
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| Convect | Circular movement of particles, heat goes through them
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| Name all the outer Layers of the sun | Photosphere Chromosphere, and Corona
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| How many Inner layers of the sun are there? | 4
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| name the inner layers of the sun | Core, Interface, convection, radiation zone
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| How many outer layers of the sun are there? | 3
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| Photosphere | Visible surface of the sun, Most light, (No solid materials)thin
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| What does photosphere mean? | Sphere of light
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| Chromosphere | Above the photosphere, hotter than the photosphere
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| Corona | Final Layer, visible during a solar eclipse, forms energy
*Corona expands from sun = Solar Wind
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| Chromosphere means... | sphere of color
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| Corona means... | crown
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| is the Sun static? | NO
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| Is the sun a solid? | NO
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| What is one thing the sun does for the planets? | Holds planets in orbit
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| Sun's energy is = to | 40,000 WATTS per day
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| Solar Wind | when particles escape the gravitational pull from the sun at variety of speeds, which gives off magnetic charge, which sets them free in our solar system
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| What can Solar Wind do? | Destroy space equipment
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| Solar Flares | Violent eruption off the sun = to TNT
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| Sunspots | Cooler/darker places on sun
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| Little Ice Age | point in time when the sun was "quiet" when rivers were frozen and ice was everywhere
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| Example of radiation | Blacksmith's hot iron
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| As objects get hotter, what do the wavelengths of its radiation do? | they shorten and change colors (ROYGBIV Wavelength)
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| Temperature of a star can be determined by its... | COLOR
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| Absolute magnitude | Measure of brightness stars generate from the surface
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| Bright star magnitude = | -5k or below
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| Average star magnitude = | 1k
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| dim star magnitude = | 10k
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| k stands for ... | Kelvin Scale
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| How do you find temp. using kelvin scale? | Temperature in Celsius + 273
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| What does an H-R Diagram show?! | Temperature, absolute magnitude, color, and star
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| What did Hertzbrung and Russell discover? | There is a relationship between brightness and surface temperature
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| Main Sequence (Line of stars) | S - shaped line with adult stars
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| Red Giants | bright b/c of size, but are cooler in temperature
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| White Dwarfs | Extremely hot b/c of helium fusion yet dim b/c of size
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| How is the H-R Diagram useful? | To classify stars/predict how stars change over time. (Temperature and Brightness)
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| Blue = (Temperature) | HOT
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| Why is blue the color of the hottest stars? | More wave frequency = more energy = radiation!
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| What color would a star with 11,000 - 25,000k be? | BLUE
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| What color would a star with 5,000 - 7,500 k be? | Yellow
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| If a star had an absolute magnitude of -1, what kind of star would it be? | Giant
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| Name 7 parts of the sun | Sunspots, Core, Radiation zone, convection zone, corona, chromosphere, andphotosphere
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