Neuro core
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| SE phenobarb | sedation, hyperactivity
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| SE phenytoin | gingival hyperplasia, BM suppression
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| SE primidone | sedation, hyperactivity
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| SE ethosuximide | GI upset, HA
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| SE carbamazepine (tegretol) | low Na, low WBC, hepatitis
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| SE valproate (depakote) | low plts, hepatitis, pancreatitis
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| SE felbamate | aplastic anemia
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| SE gabapentin | sleepiness
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| SE lamotrigine (lamictal) | rash (incrsd w VPA)
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| SE topirimate (topamax) | cognitive slowing, renal stones
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| SE tiagibine | dizziness, somnolence
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| SE levtiracetam (keppra) | sleepiness, psych disturb in kids
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| SE oxcarbazepine (trileptal) | low Na
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| SE zonisamide (zonex) | renal stones
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| which sz meds can be given IV | phenobarb, phenytoin, valproate, levetiracetam
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| tx for tourette | psych dopa agonists like haloperidol, pimozide + clonidine
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| tx for tremor (3) | bb, primidone, topamax
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| which sz med esp good for tuberous sclerosis | tigabitran
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| SE tigabitran | VF loss
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| how bring out breath holding spell | for pallid (pain related), press on eye
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| when does stroke appear on CT | after 3 days
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| when does hemorrhage show up on MRI | after 3 days
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| how does hemorrhage appear on MRI | ID, BD, BB, DD (T1/T2 <3d, 3-7d, >7, chronic)
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| key components orbitofrontal | emotion, attn, impulse (assoc limbic)
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| key components medialfrontal | motivation (lesion gives akinetic mutism, apathetic state)
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| key components dorsolateral frontal | attn, working memory, sequencing (spelling WORLD backwards), executive fxn pseudodepressed
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| key components parietal | nondominant=visuospatial (ie drawing), dominant=praxis
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| key components lateral temporal | dominant=speech, nondominant=understanding prosody (emotl content of speech**1 language component handled by non dominant), also auditory perception and vocabulary
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| where's lesion if trbl pairing things | lateral temporal
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| what are 2 main parts of medial temporal | hippocampus and amygdala
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| key components hippocampus, 2 dz in which affected | short term memory storage/retrieval and consolidating short term into long term, affected in AD and temporal lobe epilepsy
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| key components amygdala | emotionally charged memories (overlap w primary olfactory, ie power of smells), aversive conditioning
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| how is dominance determined | where language center is
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| MC site of epilepsy in adult | hippocampus (ie medial temporal)
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| drawing all animals the same would be injury where | lateral temporal
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| where do sympathetic and parasympathetic tracts start | hypothalamus
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| where's the red nucleus, what is it | in midbrain, where Cb synapse
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| describe pt HM | had hippocampus and amygdala removed bilaterally and couldn't form any new memories (hippocampus consolidation short term memory to long term memory), but had procedural memory and would improve on tasks
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| sources of posterior circulation and anterior circulation and relation to structures | anterior circulation from carotid (includes m cerebral), near optic chiasm; posterior circulation from vertebral, near brainstem
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| which side do Cb lesions affect | SAME SIDE (ipsi) bc dbl crossed
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| s/s of lateral medulla stroke | ipsi horner, ipsi face incl dysphagia/gag, ipsi ataxia, contra body
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| what does MLF connect | CN3,6 for horiz gaze
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| key differentiating feature for INO | they can still converge
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| which CN exits from back of head | CN 4
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| where does CNI synapse | in medial temporal lobe (not in brainstem)
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| where does CNII synpase | in thal (LGN)
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| L SCM turns head which way? | to the R
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| if lesion CN12 which way tongue | ipsi
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| if lesion CN9,10 which way uvula | away (contra)
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| compare spasticity and rigidity | spasticity is velocity dependent (resistance incrses the faster you go), rigidity is steady tension that's equal in opposing mscl grps
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| what are cortical sensory fxn tests? What does it test? | stereognosis (ID object by touch), graphesthesia (ID
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| what is responsible for bringing perceived threat to your attn | amygdala and thalamus
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| what is a 3+ on DTR? 4+? | 3+=spread to other motor neurons, 4+=clonus
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| on mscl power what is 3/5? 4/5? | 3=full motion w/o gravity, 4=motion w gravity
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| if can't adduct leg what nerve? Hamstring? Calf? | adduct=obturator, hamstring=sciatic, calf=tibial
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| 2 parts of Cb and what control | vermis=axial, flocculonodular=vestibular balance
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| how is sensory ataxia difft from Cb ataxia | Cb ataxia has wide based walk and look drunk, sensory ataxia worse in dark
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| what's festination | walking progressively faster bc falling fwd, ie propulsion
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| what's steppage gait | lift foot high 2/2 foot drop (peroneal n and anterior tibialis mscl)
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| waddle gait seen in which types of dzs | prox mscl wknss
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