discriptions of rhythms
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| tachicardias | heart rate to fast to allow ventricles to fill completely before contraction
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| bradycardias | heart rate to slow to maintain cardiac output
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| ventricular irritability | erratic ventricular contraction is not effective enough to maintain stroke volume
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| stroke volume | the amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the left ventricle
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| cardiac out put | amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one minute
stroke vol. X heart rate = liters per minute
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| NSR | normal sinus rhythm
does not produce symptoms
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| sinus bradycardia | slow regular pulse, can cause sings/symptoms of decreased cardiac out put
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| sinus tachycardia | rapid, regular pulse, probably asymptomatic possibly palpitations, dyspnea
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| sinus arhythmia | irregular pulse, rarely causes symptoms
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| sinus bradycardia | (CAN) precede blocks, asystole, precipitate escape rhythm, or ventr. irritability, caused by AMI, vagal stimulation, increased intercranial pressure, reflect normal athletic heart
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| sinus tachycardia | (usually) compensatory responce to fever, activity, pain, anxiety, hypovolemia, heart failure ...Dangerous can extend infart
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| sinus arhythmia | common in children and young adults
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| premature atrial complex | (usually) benign, early sign of CHF, lead to atrial tachyarhythmias, causes include: fatigue, hypoxia, dig-toxicity, caffine, ischemia, CHF, alcohol
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| wandering pacemaker | normal; often seen in very old, very young, athletes, persistence of junctional rhythm can indicate heart disease
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| premature atrial complex | irregular pulse, rarely causes symptoms
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| wandering pacemaker | rarely causes symptoms
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| atrial tachycardia | very dangerous in AMI or heart disease, commonly caused by dig-toxicity
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| atrial tachycardia | rapid regular pulse, may show signs/symptoms of drop in cardiac out put, can cause pulmonary edema, CHF, shock
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| atrial flutter | rapid ventr. rate, loss of atrial kick can drop cardiac output, risk of pulmon, & cardiac emboli, can CHF or myocardial ischemia, seen in CAD, rheumatic heart disease
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| atrial flutter | pulse can be regular or not, fast or slow, rapid ventr. rate can cause signs/symptoms of low cardiac output
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