Chapter 1 Criminal Justice
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Media Portrayal | Public perceptions of creim and its victims are based largely on media images which focus on atypical sensational incidents.
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| Gallup Poll on Crime | Survey of representative sample of American public which found that crime surpassed education and economic issues as the most pressing local problem.
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| criminologists | Those who study the causes of crime and the treatment of offenders.
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| Heart disease | What is the most common cause of death?
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| vigilantism | Seeking justice through lawless violence.
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| scapegoating | Unfairly blaming an individual or group for crimes. (i.e. internment of Japanese Americans in WWII)
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| crimes | forms of conduct that society prohibits in order to maintain order (formalized norms)
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| criminal law | A code that categorizes all crimies and punishments by type.
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| felonies | Serious crimes that are punishable by incarceration for more than one year. (MA a crime punishable by more than 2 1/2 year in a state prison. )
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| misdemeanors | Less serious crimes that are punishable by one year or less. (MA A crime punishable by up to 2 1/2 years in a House of Correction)
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| violation | A minor, usually civil, infraction that is only punishable by a fine.
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| criminalization | A legislative decision to make a behavior a crime.
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| decriminalization | The legislative decision to change a crime nto a noncriminal act.
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| legalization | The legislative decision to make a criminal act legal.
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| victimless crimes | Offenses in which the offinder and the victim are the same individual or in which the behavior is consensual.
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| criminal justice | The managment of the police, courts and corrections and the study of the causes and treatement for crime.
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| due process | The use of accuracy, fairness and reliability in criminal procedure to protect individual rights.
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| Norms | Behaviors that are deemed acceptable in a given society.
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| Mores | Behaviors which are serious breaches with societal norms.
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| Folkways | Behaviors which are minor or less serious breaches with societal norms.
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| Sanctions | The consequences a society prescribes for violation of societal norms.
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| Laws | Formalized and codified violations of societal norms prescribed by legislative or governmental bodies.
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