Atmosphere, Heat Transfer, Water Cycle, Global Winds
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| troposphere | layer closest to earth where all weather occurs, temperature decreases as altitude increases
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| stratosphere | second layer of the atmosphere where the ozone layer is contained, cold at the bottom and hot at the top due to the ozone layer
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| mesosphere | third layer of the atmosphere where meteoroids burn up, coldest layer
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| thermosphere | fourth layer of the atmosphere where the air is thin and extremely hot
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| exosphere | the beginning of space, extends from the thermosphere
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| nitrogen & oxygen | the two most common gases; found throughout all the layers
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| ozone | a form of oxygen found in the stratosphere
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| water vapor & carbon dioxide | important gases for weather conditions; found in the troposphere
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| trace gases | make up 1% of atmospheric gases, play an insignificant role
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| air pressure | the force exerted by the gases pushing on an object, is greatest near the surface of Earth, in the troposphere.
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| air pressure ________ through the layers farther out from the surface as Earth's pull of gravity decreases. | decreases
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| precipitation | after clouds form, water droplets fall in various forms depending on weather conditions
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| 4 types of precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, and hail
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| evaporation | water enters the atmosphere as water vapor
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| transpiration | plants releasing water vapor into the atmosphere
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| condensation | occurs when water vapor changes to water droplets
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| clouds form as a result of ___________ | condensation
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| dew | forms when water vapor condenses directly onto a surface
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| frost | forms when water vapor changes from gas directly to ice crystals on a surface
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| run-off | precipitation that falls on land as surface water or groundwater, always attempts to move back toward sea level
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| surface water | occurs when precipitation falls onto a surface that is not porous or falls too fast for water to sink into the ground.
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| groundwater | occurs when precipitation falls onto a porous surface where there is lots of space in the soil to hold the water.
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| solar energy | the sun is the driving energy source for heating of Earth and circulation in Earth’s atmosphere
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| 3 things that happen to the Sun's energy | reflected by clouds, Earth's surface, or atmosphere, absorbed by atmosphere, and absorbed by Earth's surface.
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| The _______ heats up and releases its heat fairly quickly, but ______ needs to absorb lots of solar energy to warm up. | land, water
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| The water on Earth helps to ______ the temperature range of Earth’s atmosphere | regulate
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| greenhouse effect | occurs when solar energy absorbed by Earth's surface as heat radiates back into the troposphere where it is trapped.
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| convection current | occurs when warm air near Earth's surface rises and then cools as it goes higher in the atmosphere.
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| tropical convection region | begins at the equator and extends to the about 30 degrees north latitude
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| temperate convection region | extends from 30 degrees north latitude to about 60 degrees north latitude
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| polar convection region | extends from 60 degrees north latitude to the north pole at 90 degrees north latitude
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| global wind belts | move weather systems and surface ocean currents in particular directions.
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| surface currents | circulation of warm and cold ocean waters influence the weather and climates of landmasses.
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| Gulf Stream | warm current affecting eastern Atlantic shoreline
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| California current | cold current that influences western Pacific shoreline.
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| sea breeze | occurs during the day when the cool dense air above the water flows toward land pushing the warm less dense air up into the atmosphere.
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| land breeze- | occurs at night when the cool dense air above land flows toward the water pushing the warm less dense air up into the atmosphere.
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| Convection currents near bodies of water can cause ______ winds known as land and sea breezes. These breezes blow for shorter distances. | local
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| climate zones | caused by the unequal heating of Earth's surface. (temperature dependent)
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| 3 climate zones | tropical, temperate, and polar
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| Climate zones are dependent upon _____ regions, _____ differences, and _____ currents. | convection, temperature, ocean
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| wind | the movement of air parallel to or along the ground.
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| Winds move from an area of ___ pressure to an area of ___ pressure. | high, low
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| Coriolis effect | causes global winds to appear to curve to the right in the northern hemisphere and curve to the left in the southern hemisphere due to the spinning of Earth on its axis
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| trade winds | blow from east to west in the tropical region moving warm tropical air in that climate zone.
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| prevailing westerly winds | blow from west to east in the temperate region moving weather systems across the US from the west coast to the east coast.
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| polar winds | blow northeast to west in the polar region moving cold polar air in that climate zone from the poles toward the west.
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| Hurricanes move in the direction of the ____ winds; however, if they enter the _____ wind belt they are often turned and move in the direction of that system. | trade, westerly
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| jet stream | A fast-moving ribbon of air that moves from west to east in the Northern Hemisphere around Earth. It dips and bends and constantly changes positions
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| The ___ jet stream can bring down cold conditions from the north | polar
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| The ___ jet stream can bring warm conditions from the south | subtropical
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Created by:
Ms. Phillips
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