Vital signs and hygiene
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Cardinal vital signs | temp, HR, resp., BP, O2 sat
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| 6th vital sign | pain
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| when take vital signs | admission to hospital, change in condition, before/after surgery, blood administration, docs orders, before/after meds
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| body temperature | heat produced - heat lost
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| normal temp | 36-38c (96.8-100.4F)
Fever: 101>
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| core temp | deep tissue
pulmonary artery, esophagus, urinary bladder
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| what controls body temp? | hypothalamus
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| BMR | basil metabolic rate - heat production at rest
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| conduction radiation convection evaporation | xfer heat with contact - fall snow
xfer heat w/o contact - fireplace
xfer heat w/ air - fan
xfer heat to gas - sweat
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| fever | pyrexia, febrile, FUD
106 = tissue damage
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| afebrile | w/o fever
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| pyrogens | stimulate WBC's to fight infection
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| hyperthermia hypothermia | dry skin,no sweat(heat stroke)cool
can't produce heat, warm
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| patterns of fever | sustained
intermittent - spike, return normal
remittent - spike, no normal
relapsing - spike, normal, spike
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| thermometers and locations | tympanic - 1 degree below oral
rectum - 1 above oral
oral
axilla - 1 below oral
skin, temporal artery
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| calculate centigrade to fahrenheit F to C | 9/5 x C + 32 = F
F - 32 x 5/9 = C
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| antipyretics | helps hypothalamus reset set point. ex: ibuprofen, motrin, tylenol
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| pulse pulse rate | wave of blood in aa by contraction of L ventricle
# of pulsations in 1 min
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| stroke volume SV | amt. of blood enter aorta
norm: 60-70 ml per beat
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| cardiac output CO | amt of blood pumped by heart for 1min
CO = SV x HR
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| pulse sites | temporal, carotid, brachial, apical, radial, ulnar, femoral popliteal, post. tibial, doral pedis
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| pulse rate rhythm tension | tachycardia >100, bradycardia <60
dysrhythmia, pulse deficit
strength, equality
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| factors influence pulse | exercise, temp, emotions, stimulatns, drugs, hemorrhage, position changes
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| apical pulse | audible, midclavicular 4th/5th intercostals
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| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart beat
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| pulse deficit | inefficient pulse wave. Listen to apical and take radial, should be same
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| blood pressure | force exerted by blood when pulsating thru aa
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| systolic pressure SBP | peak of max pressure at ejection
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| diastolic DBP | lowest pressure at all times
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| pulse pressure | SBP - DBP
norm = 30-40 mmHg
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| MAP | mean arterial pressure
2 x DBP + SBP/3
Norm = >60
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| Normal BP Hypertension | 120/80
prehypertension: 120-139/80-89
stage 1 hyper 140-159/90-99
stage 2 >/= 160/100
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| BP cuff | wide - false low, loose - false high
positioned below/above - false low/h
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| Eupnea | normal respiration & depth
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| Bradypnea tachypnea hyperpnea hyperventilation/hypoventilation | decr resp
incr resp
resp incr in depth (excercise)
incr rate/depth
decr rate/depth
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| arterial pressure rates newborn 1mo 1yr 6yrs 10-13 14-17 | 40
85/54
95/65
105/65
110/65
119/75
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| Respiratory rates newborn infant toddler child adol adult |
35-40
30-50
25-32
20-30
16-20
12-20
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| pulse oximetry | indirect measure of O2 saturation in blood
Norm = >90%
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| 3 processes of respiration | ventilation - amt of air
perfusion - circulation of blood
diffusion - xchange of gases
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| caries | tooth decay
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| periodontal disease | gum disease
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| glossitis gingivitis halitosis cheilosis | inflamed tongue
inflamed gums
bad breath
cracked lips
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| Assess hair | dandruff, ticks, pediculosis capitis (head lice), corporis (body lice), pubis (crab lice) alopecia (balding)
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| bed positions | Fowler's - 45deg, semi-Fowler's- 30
Trendelenburg - head down
reverse Trendelenburg - foot down
Flat
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| Hand Wash | before direct contact
before putting on sterile gloves
before/after procedure
after contact w/ skin
after contact w/ body fluids
moving from contaminated to clean
after removing gloves
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| 3 layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
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| buccal cavity | between cheek and gum
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Created by:
palmerag
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