Cells & Tissues
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Active transport | the net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration with the use of cellular energy
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| Adipose | fatty/fat
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| Apical surface | the edge of the epithelial tissue that faces the lumen (or the outside world)
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| Basement membrane | a thin layer of extracellular material to which epithelial cells are attached in mucosa surfaces.
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| Cancer | a malignant invasive cellular neoplasm that has the capability of spreading throughout the body or body parts.
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| Cardiac muscle | specialized muscle of the heart
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| Cartilage | white semi opaque connective tissue
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| Cell | the basic biological unit of living organisms containing a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane.
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| Chromatin | is a mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes
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| Cilia | tiny hair-like projections on cell surfaces that move in a wavelike manner
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| Concentration gradient | a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.
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| Connective tissue | a primary tissue functions include support, storage, and protection
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| Cytoskeleton | complex internal structure of cytoplasm consisting of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
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| Diffusion | the spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles, high to low concentration
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| Edema | an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues, causes swelling
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| Endocrine glands | ductless glands that empty their hormonal product directly into the blood
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| Endocytosis | the uptake into a cell of large molecules and particles in which a segment of plasma membrane surrounds the substance, encloses it, and brings it in.
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| Epithelial tissue (epithelium) | the tissue that forms innermost and outermost surfaces of body structures and forms glands
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| Exocrine glands | glands that have duct through which their secretions are carried to a particular site.
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| Exocytosis | a process of discharging large particles through the plasma membrane
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| Extracellular matrix | a complex mixture of nonliving material that surrounds cells
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| Facilitated diffusion | diffusion in which a substance not soluble by itself in lipids diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane with the help of transporter/carrier proteins.
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| Fibrocartilage | consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions.
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| Filtration | the passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter
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| Glands | an organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination
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| Glycoprotein | : A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein.
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| Golgi Body (apparatus) | Organelle consisting of 4 to 5 flattened sacs, functions in the processing, sorting, packaging, and delivering of proteins
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| Goblet Cells | a goblet shaped, mucus producing, unicellular gland found in certain epithelia of the digestive and respiratory tracts.
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| Hyaline cartilage | glassy, transparent
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| Hypertonic | a term used when comparing two solutions to refer to the solution with the higher osmolarity
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| Hypotonic | a term used when comparing two solutions to refer to the solution with the lower osmolarity
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| Intercalated disks | Regions where adjacent cardiocytes interlock and where gap junctions permit electrical coupling between the cells.
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| Interstitial fluid | the fluid between cells
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| Intracellular fluid | fluid within the cell
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| Isotonic | solutions having a uniform osmolarity that does not result in water movement across cell membranes
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| Lacunae | a small pit or cavity
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| Ligaments | a cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones
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| Lysosomes | organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes
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| Microvilli | the tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells, increase surface area for absorption
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| Mitochondria | the rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities
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| Mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus followed by the division of the cytoplasm
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| Mucus membrane | Mucous membranes are tissues that line body cavities or canals such as the throat, nose, mouth, urethra, rectum, and vagina
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| Nucleolus | sperical body within the nucleus, composed of protein, DNA, and RNA, that functions in the synthesis and storage of ribosomal RNA
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| Nucleus | a dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material
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| Organelles | specialized structure in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions
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| Osmosis | the diffusion of a solvent (water) through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one
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| Passive transport | membrane transport process that do not require cellular energy (ATP)
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| Peristalsis | the waves of contraction seen in tube-like organs, propels substances along track
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| Peroxisomes | organelle similar to lysosomes that contains enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize various organic compounds
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| Phagocytosis | the ingestion of solid particles by cells
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| Plasma membrane | membrane that encloses cell contents, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
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| Regeneration | the process of renewal, restoration, and growth
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| Ribosomes | an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that synthesizes proteins
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | a network of channels running through the cytoplasm of a cell that serves in intracellular transportation, storage, synthesis, and packing of molecules
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| Selective permeability | the property of a membrane by which it permits the passage of certain substances but restricts the passage of others
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| Simple diffusion | when a small, non-polar molecule passes through a lipid bilayer
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| Skeletal muscle tissue | an organ specialized for contraction, composed of striated muscle fibers
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| Smooth ER | type of endoplasmic reticulum involved with the production of lipids (fats), building blocks for carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons
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| Rough ER | type of endoplasmic reticulum, covered in ribosomes, involved mainly with the production and processing of proteins that will be exported, or secreted, from the cell.
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| Smooth muscle tissue | a tissue specialized for contraction, composed of smooth muscle fibers, located on the walls of hollow organs
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| Sodium-Potassium Pumping | an active transport pump located in the plasma membrane that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium into the cell with the use of ATP
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| Stem Cells | are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body.
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| Striations | form of fibers that are combined into parallel fibers
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| Tendons | a white fibrous cord of dense regularly arranged connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
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| Tissues | a group of similar cells and their intracellular substance joined together to perform a specific function
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| Stratified | multiple layers of cells
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| Simple | single layer of cells
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| Columnar | column shaped cells
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| Cubiodal | cube shaped cells
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| Squamous | flat cells
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| Areolar | Packages Organs, Absorbs excess fluid
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