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A&P Unit II
Cells & Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active transport | the net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration with the use of cellular energy |
| Adipose | fatty/fat |
| Apical surface | the edge of the epithelial tissue that faces the lumen (or the outside world) |
| Basement membrane | a thin layer of extracellular material to which epithelial cells are attached in mucosa surfaces. |
| Cancer | a malignant invasive cellular neoplasm that has the capability of spreading throughout the body or body parts. |
| Cardiac muscle | specialized muscle of the heart |
| Cartilage | white semi opaque connective tissue |
| Cell | the basic biological unit of living organisms containing a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane. |
| Chromatin | is a mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes |
| Cilia | tiny hair-like projections on cell surfaces that move in a wavelike manner |
| Concentration gradient | a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution. |
| Connective tissue | a primary tissue functions include support, storage, and protection |
| Cytoskeleton | complex internal structure of cytoplasm consisting of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments |
| Diffusion | the spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles, high to low concentration |
| Edema | an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body parts or tissues, causes swelling |
| Endocrine glands | ductless glands that empty their hormonal product directly into the blood |
| Endocytosis | the uptake into a cell of large molecules and particles in which a segment of plasma membrane surrounds the substance, encloses it, and brings it in. |
| Epithelial tissue (epithelium) | the tissue that forms innermost and outermost surfaces of body structures and forms glands |
| Exocrine glands | glands that have duct through which their secretions are carried to a particular site. |
| Exocytosis | a process of discharging large particles through the plasma membrane |
| Extracellular matrix | a complex mixture of nonliving material that surrounds cells |
| Facilitated diffusion | diffusion in which a substance not soluble by itself in lipids diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane with the help of transporter/carrier proteins. |
| Fibrocartilage | consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. |
| Filtration | the passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter |
| Glands | an organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination |
| Glycoprotein | : A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein. |
| Golgi Body (apparatus) | Organelle consisting of 4 to 5 flattened sacs, functions in the processing, sorting, packaging, and delivering of proteins |
| Goblet Cells | a goblet shaped, mucus producing, unicellular gland found in certain epithelia of the digestive and respiratory tracts. |
| Hyaline cartilage | glassy, transparent |
| Hypertonic | a term used when comparing two solutions to refer to the solution with the higher osmolarity |
| Hypotonic | a term used when comparing two solutions to refer to the solution with the lower osmolarity |
| Intercalated disks | Regions where adjacent cardiocytes interlock and where gap junctions permit electrical coupling between the cells. |
| Interstitial fluid | the fluid between cells |
| Intracellular fluid | fluid within the cell |
| Isotonic | solutions having a uniform osmolarity that does not result in water movement across cell membranes |
| Lacunae | a small pit or cavity |
| Ligaments | a cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones |
| Lysosomes | organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes |
| Microvilli | the tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells, increase surface area for absorption |
| Mitochondria | the rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities |
| Mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus followed by the division of the cytoplasm |
| Mucus membrane | Mucous membranes are tissues that line body cavities or canals such as the throat, nose, mouth, urethra, rectum, and vagina |
| Nucleolus | sperical body within the nucleus, composed of protein, DNA, and RNA, that functions in the synthesis and storage of ribosomal RNA |
| Nucleus | a dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material |
| Organelles | specialized structure in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of a solvent (water) through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one |
| Passive transport | membrane transport process that do not require cellular energy (ATP) |
| Peristalsis | the waves of contraction seen in tube-like organs, propels substances along track |
| Peroxisomes | organelle similar to lysosomes that contains enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize various organic compounds |
| Phagocytosis | the ingestion of solid particles by cells |
| Plasma membrane | membrane that encloses cell contents, regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Regeneration | the process of renewal, restoration, and growth |
| Ribosomes | an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that synthesizes proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | a network of channels running through the cytoplasm of a cell that serves in intracellular transportation, storage, synthesis, and packing of molecules |
| Selective permeability | the property of a membrane by which it permits the passage of certain substances but restricts the passage of others |
| Simple diffusion | when a small, non-polar molecule passes through a lipid bilayer |
| Skeletal muscle tissue | an organ specialized for contraction, composed of striated muscle fibers |
| Smooth ER | type of endoplasmic reticulum involved with the production of lipids (fats), building blocks for carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons |
| Rough ER | type of endoplasmic reticulum, covered in ribosomes, involved mainly with the production and processing of proteins that will be exported, or secreted, from the cell. |
| Smooth muscle tissue | a tissue specialized for contraction, composed of smooth muscle fibers, located on the walls of hollow organs |
| Sodium-Potassium Pumping | an active transport pump located in the plasma membrane that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium into the cell with the use of ATP |
| Stem Cells | are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. |
| Striations | form of fibers that are combined into parallel fibers |
| Tendons | a white fibrous cord of dense regularly arranged connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| Tissues | a group of similar cells and their intracellular substance joined together to perform a specific function |
| Stratified | multiple layers of cells |
| Simple | single layer of cells |
| Columnar | column shaped cells |
| Cubiodal | cube shaped cells |
| Squamous | flat cells |
| Areolar | Packages Organs, Absorbs excess fluid |
Created by:
weberd
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