final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| forms rounded muscles mass of the shoulder | deltioid
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| forearm muscle | supinator
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| deep calf muscle | soleus
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| tailor's muscle | sartorius
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| posterior muscle of the arm | triceps brachii
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| a rotator cuff muscle | supraspinatus
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| quadriceps muscle | vastus medialis
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| anterior leg muscle | tibialis anterior
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| muscle located at the back of the knee | popliteus
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| an anterior muscle of the arm | brachialis
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| the orgin of this muscle is the arm, and the insertion of the radius | brachioradialis
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| the medial or inner thigh muscle | adductor longus
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| a hamstring muscle | semitendinosus
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| muscle of the forearm | extensor superficialis digitorum
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| a muscle of the buttocks | gluteus maximus
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| the peripheral nervous system is comprised of the | cranial and spinal nerves
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| the insula is found deep to this sulcus of the cerebral hemispheres. inferior to the frontal and parietal lobes | lateral sulcus
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| the type of nerve cells that transmits electrical signals | neurons
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| transmitting unit of a neuron | axon
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| the type of nerve signals that travel toward the CNS | afferent or sensory
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| connective tissue wrapping that covers a bundle or group of nerve fibers (fascicle) | perineurium
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| the outer layer of tissue of the cerebral hemispheres | the gray matter of the cerebral cortex
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| the corpus callosum is the largest part of this type of myelinated fiber tract of the cerebral hemispheres | commissural fibers
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| what is the name of the tapered end of the spinal cord | conus medullaris
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| where is the subarachnoid space found? | between the arachnoid and pia mater
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| how many nerves are there in the cervical- brachial plexus | 8
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| what is the internal layer of the dura mater of the brain? | meningeal layer
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| the capillaries of the brain are some of the most permeable capillaries in the body | false
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| what is the cranial nerve IV? | trochlear nerve
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| only nerve to extend beyond the head and neck | cranial nerve X (vagus)
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| the oculomotor nerve is cranial nereve | III
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| how many pairs of cranial nerves are there in the PNS? | 12
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| what is the group of nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord called? | cauda equina
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| study of the joints | arthrology
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| based on amount of movement | functional classification of joints
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| material that binds bones together and on presence of absence of a joint cavity | structural classification of joints
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| immovable joints, common in axial skeleton | synarthroses
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| slightly moveable joints, common in axial skeleton | amphiarthroses
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| most freely moveable, common in appendicular skeleton | diarthroses
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| bones united by cartiledge, lack a joint cavity | cartilaginous joints
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| most moveable joints, all are diarthroses, each contain a fluid filled cavity | synovial
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| ends of opposing bones are covered by hyline cartiledge. absorbs compression | articular cartilidge
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| unique to synovial joints. holds small amount of fluid | joint cavity
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| dense irregular connective tissue- strengthens joint | fibrous capsule
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| lines joints, makes synovial fluid, covers internal joint surfaces | outer layer of fibrous capsule
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| stores synovial fluid | internal fibrous capsule
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| a viscous fluid similar to raw egg white, a filtrate of blood, contains glycoprotein molecules secreted by fibroblasts | synovial fluid
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| thickend parts of the fibrous capsule or internal to the capsule | reinforcing ligaments
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| occur in kneeand bones articulating have different shape | articular disc or meniscus
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| a flattened fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane | bursa
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| an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon | tendon sheath
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| most important factor in joint stability | muscle tone
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| joint movement where one bone crosses the surface of the other | gliding
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| decreases the angle between 2 bones | flexion
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| increase in angle between bones | exstension
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| moving the limb away from the midline | abduction
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| moving a limb toward the midline | adduction
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| moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space | circumduction
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| involves turning movement of a bone around its long axis | medial rotation
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| forearm rotates leterally, palm faces anteriorly | supination
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| forearm rotates medially, palm faces posteriorly | pronation
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| lifting foot so its superior surface aproaches the shin | dorsiflexion
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| depressing the foot pointing the toe | plantar flexion
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| turning the sole medially | inversion
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| turning the sole laterally | exversion
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| nonangular movement of jutting out the jaw | protraction
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| opposite movement to protraction | retraction
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| lifting the body superiorly | elevation
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| moving the elevated part inferionly | depression
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| thumb touches the tips of other fingers | opposition
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| shoulder ball and socket | glenoid and humerous
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| ball and socket of the pelvis | acetabullum and femur
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| study of muscles | myology
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| function of muscles | movement, maintence of posture, joint stabelization, heat generation
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| when long cells shorten and generate a pulling force | contractability
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| electrical nerve impulses stimulates the muscle cell to contract | excitability
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| can be stretched back to its orignial length by contraction of an opposing muscle | extensibility
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| can recoil after being stretched | elasticity
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| muscle is striated, voluntary | skeletal
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| muscle lacks striations, involuntary | smooth muscle
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| striated muscle and involuntary | cardiac
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| dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle | epimysium
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| surrounds each fascicle. fibrous and connective | perimysium
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| a fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell. mostly reticular fibers | endomysium
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| lessmoveable part of the muscle | orgin
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| more moveable part of the muscle | insertion
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| direction the muscle is pulled | insertion to orgin
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| short strands of connective tissue | direct attachments
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| longer strands of connective tissue | indirect attachments
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| orgin of the frontalis | galea aponeurotica
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| insertion of the frontalis | skin of the eyebrow and root of nose
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| action of the frontalis | raises eyebrows
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| muscle of suprise | frontalis
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| forms transverse furrows of the forehead | frontalis
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| orgin of the occipitalis | occipital bone
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| the insertion of the occipitalis | galea aponeurotica
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| action of the occipitalis | draws the scalp back
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| muscle that encircles the eye | obicularis oculi
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| action of the orbicularis oculi | closes the eye
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| muscle that forms crows feet | obicularis oculi
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| action of the zygomaticus major | raises lateral corners of the mouth upward
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| laughing muscle | zygomaticus major
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| action of the zygomaticus minor | raises lateral corners of the mouth upward
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| smiling muscle | zygomaticus minor
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| lateral head of the Quadratus labii superiorus | zygomaticus minor
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| action of the levator anguli oris | raises the angle of the mouth
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| snaring muscle | levator anguli oris
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| action of the depress anguli oris | draws the angle of the mouth down
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| triangularis | depress anguli oris
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| action of the risorius | draws angle ofthe mouth backwards
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| false smiling muscle | risorius
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| raises upper eyelids | levator palpabrae superioris
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| compresses the cheek | buccinator
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| trumpeter's muscle | buccinator
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| draws the eyebrows down and in | corrigator
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| frowning muscle | corrigator
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| draws skin of the forehead down | procerus
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| raises upper lip | levator labii superioris
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| intermediate head of the quadratus | levator labii superioris
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| dialates nostril and raises upper lip; common elevator | levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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| medial head of the quadratus | levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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| draws the lower lip down; quadratus | depressor labii inferioris
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| protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the chin | mentalis
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| orgin of the temporalis | temporal bone
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| insertion of the temporalis | mandible
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| action of the temporalis | closes the jaw
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| strongest chewing muscle | temporalis
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| action of the masseter | closes the jaw. aka chewing muscle
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| orgin of the SCM | sternum and clavicle
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| insertion of the SCM | mastoid process of the temporal bone
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| action of the SCM | rotates and flexes the head
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| orgin of the platysma | clavicle and pectoralis
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| insertion of the platysma | mandible
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| shock and horror muscle | platysma
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| action of the digastricus | elevates the hyoid bone
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| action of the omohyoid | depresses hyoid bone
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| chewing muscles that grind food | pterygoid muscles
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| fan shaped muscle of the chest that inserts on the humerous and the action is arm adduction | pectoralis major
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| muscles between the ribs that elevates the ribs in breathing | external intercostals
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| muscle between the ribs that depress the ribs during breathing | internal intercostals
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| phrenic muscle | diaphram
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| muscle of the upper back that elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula | trapezius
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| lower back muscle that extends, adducts, and rotates the humerous | latissimus dorsi
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| anteromedial abdominal muscles | rectus abdominus
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| white tendon structures located at the midline | linea alba
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| most superficail of theabdominal muscles that compress the abdomen | external obliques
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| intermeediate abdominal muscle | internal obliques
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| deepest of the ab muscles | transverse abdominus
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| posterior abdominal wall muscle that flexes the thigh | psoas major
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| rounded muscle mass of the shoulder that inserts at the deltoid tuberosity of the humerous and flexes, rotates and abducts the arm | deltoid
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| muscle of the shoulder that adducts and rotates the arm | teres major
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| rotator cuff muscles that rotates the arm and insert on the humerous | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
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| two headed muscle of the anterior arm that is used for forearm flexion | biceps brachii
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| muscles of the anterior arm used for forearm flexion | brachialis
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| muscle of the posterior arm used for forearm exstension | triceps brachii
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| muscle of the anterior forearm used for wrist flexion | flexor carpi radialis
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| muscle of the anterior forearm used for wrist flexion | flexor carpi ulnaris
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| muscle of the anterior forearm that flexes the phalanges | flexor digitorum superficialis
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| forearm muscles that flexes the forearm | brachioradialis
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| forearm muscle for supination | supinator
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| inner thigh muscles used for thigh adduction | adductor longus
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| inner thigh muscle used for thigh adduction | adductor magnus
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| anterior muscle of the thigh; longest muscle of the body;used for leg flexion and rotation (tailor's muscle) | sartorius
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| anterior thigh muscle that extends the leg | quadriceps
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| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius | quadricep muscles
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| posterios thigh muscle that flexes the leg | hamstring muscles
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| posterior knee muscle that rotates the leg | popliteus
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| anterior leg muscle that is used for dorsiflexion | tibialis anterior
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| superficial calf muscle that inserts on the posterior calcaneus used for plantar flexion | gastronemius
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| calf muscle deep to gastronemius used for plantar flexion | soleus
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| what is the command and control center of the body | nervous system
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| what are the divisions of the nervous system | CNS and PNS
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| what are the components of the CNS? | brain and spinal chord
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| what are the components of the PNS? | cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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| nerves that move away from CNS | motor nerves
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| nerves that move toward CNS | sensory nerves
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| receivers that branch from cell body | dendrite
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| nerve fibers that transmit away from cell body | axon
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| supporting cells | nonexcitable and wrap neurons
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| neurons | excitable and transmit electrical signals
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| layer of delicate tissue surrounding the axon | endoneurium
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| connective tissue wrapping a nerve fascicle | perineurium
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| whole nerve is surrounded by tough fibrous sheath | epineurium
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| 4 basic parts of the brain | cerebral hemisphere, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
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| parts of the diencephalon | thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
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| brainstem raustral to caudal | midbrain, pons, medulla oblingata
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| exspansions of the brain's central cavity | ventricles
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| contain cerebral spinal fluid | ventricles
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| where CSF is produced | choroid plexuses of the ventricles
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| seperates frontal and parietal lobe | central sulcus
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| seperates occipital from parietal | parieto- occipital sulcus
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| seperates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes | lateral sulcus
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| gray matter. external layer | cerebral cortex
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| deep to the cortex | white matter
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| connect different parts of the same hemisphere | association fibers
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| run vertically between the cerebral hemispheres of the brainstem and spinal cord | projection fibers
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| found deep in white matter | basal nuclei
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| most cranil nerves attach to this region | brainstem
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| controls balance and muscle coordination | cerebellum
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| dura matter of the meninges | 2 layes- periosteal and menigeal layer
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| arachnoid matter of the meninges | filled with csf
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| function of csf | liquid cushion to the brain and spinal chord
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| blood brain barrier | prevents most blood borne pathogens from entering the brain
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| inferior end of the spinal chord | conus medullaris
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| spinal nerves that arise form the terminal end of the spinal chord | cauda equina
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| anchor the spinal cord to vertebrae | denticulate ligaments
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| how many cranial nerves | 12
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| cranial nerve I | olfactory
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| cranial nerve II | optic
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| cranial nerve III | innervates 4 extrinsic eye muscles
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| Cranial nerve IV | trochlear. innervates an extrinsic eye muscle
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| cranial nerve V | trigeminal. sensory innervation to face motor innervation to chewing muscles
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| Cranial nerve VI | abducens. abducts eyeball
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| cranial nerve VII | inervates muscle of the facial exspression; facial
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| cranial nerve VIII | vestibulocochlear;hearing and balance
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| Cranial nerve IX | glossopharyngeal; innervates tongue and pharynx
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| cranial nerve X | vagus; mixed sensory and motor. "wanders" into thorax and abdomen
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| cranial nerve XI | accessory nerve; part of the vagus
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| cranial nerve XII | hypoglossal; inferior to the tongue
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| how many pairs of spinal nerves | 31
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| cervival- brachial plexus | 8
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| thoracic plexus | 12
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| lumbar plexus | 5
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| sacral plexus | 5
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| coccygeal plexus | 1
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| involuntary nervous system | autonomic nervous system
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| fight, fright, flight. active during exercise, excitement, and emergencies | sympathetic division
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| resting and digesting. concerned with conserving energy | parasympathetic
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|
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