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anatomy qr2
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| forms rounded muscles mass of the shoulder | deltioid |
| forearm muscle | supinator |
| deep calf muscle | soleus |
| tailor's muscle | sartorius |
| posterior muscle of the arm | triceps brachii |
| a rotator cuff muscle | supraspinatus |
| quadriceps muscle | vastus medialis |
| anterior leg muscle | tibialis anterior |
| muscle located at the back of the knee | popliteus |
| an anterior muscle of the arm | brachialis |
| the orgin of this muscle is the arm, and the insertion of the radius | brachioradialis |
| the medial or inner thigh muscle | adductor longus |
| a hamstring muscle | semitendinosus |
| muscle of the forearm | extensor superficialis digitorum |
| a muscle of the buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| the peripheral nervous system is comprised of the | cranial and spinal nerves |
| the insula is found deep to this sulcus of the cerebral hemispheres. inferior to the frontal and parietal lobes | lateral sulcus |
| the type of nerve cells that transmits electrical signals | neurons |
| transmitting unit of a neuron | axon |
| the type of nerve signals that travel toward the CNS | afferent or sensory |
| connective tissue wrapping that covers a bundle or group of nerve fibers (fascicle) | perineurium |
| the outer layer of tissue of the cerebral hemispheres | the gray matter of the cerebral cortex |
| the corpus callosum is the largest part of this type of myelinated fiber tract of the cerebral hemispheres | commissural fibers |
| what is the name of the tapered end of the spinal cord | conus medullaris |
| where is the subarachnoid space found? | between the arachnoid and pia mater |
| how many nerves are there in the cervical- brachial plexus | 8 |
| what is the internal layer of the dura mater of the brain? | meningeal layer |
| the capillaries of the brain are some of the most permeable capillaries in the body | false |
| what is the cranial nerve IV? | trochlear nerve |
| only nerve to extend beyond the head and neck | cranial nerve X (vagus) |
| the oculomotor nerve is cranial nereve | III |
| how many pairs of cranial nerves are there in the PNS? | 12 |
| what is the group of nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord called? | cauda equina |
| study of the joints | arthrology |
| based on amount of movement | functional classification of joints |
| material that binds bones together and on presence of absence of a joint cavity | structural classification of joints |
| immovable joints, common in axial skeleton | synarthroses |
| slightly moveable joints, common in axial skeleton | amphiarthroses |
| most freely moveable, common in appendicular skeleton | diarthroses |
| bones united by cartiledge, lack a joint cavity | cartilaginous joints |
| most moveable joints, all are diarthroses, each contain a fluid filled cavity | synovial |
| ends of opposing bones are covered by hyline cartiledge. absorbs compression | articular cartilidge |
| unique to synovial joints. holds small amount of fluid | joint cavity |
| dense irregular connective tissue- strengthens joint | fibrous capsule |
| lines joints, makes synovial fluid, covers internal joint surfaces | outer layer of fibrous capsule |
| stores synovial fluid | internal fibrous capsule |
| a viscous fluid similar to raw egg white, a filtrate of blood, contains glycoprotein molecules secreted by fibroblasts | synovial fluid |
| thickend parts of the fibrous capsule or internal to the capsule | reinforcing ligaments |
| occur in kneeand bones articulating have different shape | articular disc or meniscus |
| a flattened fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane | bursa |
| an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon | tendon sheath |
| most important factor in joint stability | muscle tone |
| joint movement where one bone crosses the surface of the other | gliding |
| decreases the angle between 2 bones | flexion |
| increase in angle between bones | exstension |
| moving the limb away from the midline | abduction |
| moving a limb toward the midline | adduction |
| moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space | circumduction |
| involves turning movement of a bone around its long axis | medial rotation |
| forearm rotates leterally, palm faces anteriorly | supination |
| forearm rotates medially, palm faces posteriorly | pronation |
| lifting foot so its superior surface aproaches the shin | dorsiflexion |
| depressing the foot pointing the toe | plantar flexion |
| turning the sole medially | inversion |
| turning the sole laterally | exversion |
| nonangular movement of jutting out the jaw | protraction |
| opposite movement to protraction | retraction |
| lifting the body superiorly | elevation |
| moving the elevated part inferionly | depression |
| thumb touches the tips of other fingers | opposition |
| shoulder ball and socket | glenoid and humerous |
| ball and socket of the pelvis | acetabullum and femur |
| study of muscles | myology |
| function of muscles | movement, maintence of posture, joint stabelization, heat generation |
| when long cells shorten and generate a pulling force | contractability |
| electrical nerve impulses stimulates the muscle cell to contract | excitability |
| can be stretched back to its orignial length by contraction of an opposing muscle | extensibility |
| can recoil after being stretched | elasticity |
| muscle is striated, voluntary | skeletal |
| muscle lacks striations, involuntary | smooth muscle |
| striated muscle and involuntary | cardiac |
| dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle | epimysium |
| surrounds each fascicle. fibrous and connective | perimysium |
| a fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell. mostly reticular fibers | endomysium |
| lessmoveable part of the muscle | orgin |
| more moveable part of the muscle | insertion |
| direction the muscle is pulled | insertion to orgin |
| short strands of connective tissue | direct attachments |
| longer strands of connective tissue | indirect attachments |
| orgin of the frontalis | galea aponeurotica |
| insertion of the frontalis | skin of the eyebrow and root of nose |
| action of the frontalis | raises eyebrows |
| muscle of suprise | frontalis |
| forms transverse furrows of the forehead | frontalis |
| orgin of the occipitalis | occipital bone |
| the insertion of the occipitalis | galea aponeurotica |
| action of the occipitalis | draws the scalp back |
| muscle that encircles the eye | obicularis oculi |
| action of the orbicularis oculi | closes the eye |
| muscle that forms crows feet | obicularis oculi |
| action of the zygomaticus major | raises lateral corners of the mouth upward |
| laughing muscle | zygomaticus major |
| action of the zygomaticus minor | raises lateral corners of the mouth upward |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus minor |
| lateral head of the Quadratus labii superiorus | zygomaticus minor |
| action of the levator anguli oris | raises the angle of the mouth |
| snaring muscle | levator anguli oris |
| action of the depress anguli oris | draws the angle of the mouth down |
| triangularis | depress anguli oris |
| action of the risorius | draws angle ofthe mouth backwards |
| false smiling muscle | risorius |
| raises upper eyelids | levator palpabrae superioris |
| compresses the cheek | buccinator |
| trumpeter's muscle | buccinator |
| draws the eyebrows down and in | corrigator |
| frowning muscle | corrigator |
| draws skin of the forehead down | procerus |
| raises upper lip | levator labii superioris |
| intermediate head of the quadratus | levator labii superioris |
| dialates nostril and raises upper lip; common elevator | levator labii superioris alaeque nasi |
| medial head of the quadratus | levator labii superioris alaeque nasi |
| draws the lower lip down; quadratus | depressor labii inferioris |
| protrudes the lower lip, wrinkles the chin | mentalis |
| orgin of the temporalis | temporal bone |
| insertion of the temporalis | mandible |
| action of the temporalis | closes the jaw |
| strongest chewing muscle | temporalis |
| action of the masseter | closes the jaw. aka chewing muscle |
| orgin of the SCM | sternum and clavicle |
| insertion of the SCM | mastoid process of the temporal bone |
| action of the SCM | rotates and flexes the head |
| orgin of the platysma | clavicle and pectoralis |
| insertion of the platysma | mandible |
| shock and horror muscle | platysma |
| action of the digastricus | elevates the hyoid bone |
| action of the omohyoid | depresses hyoid bone |
| chewing muscles that grind food | pterygoid muscles |
| fan shaped muscle of the chest that inserts on the humerous and the action is arm adduction | pectoralis major |
| muscles between the ribs that elevates the ribs in breathing | external intercostals |
| muscle between the ribs that depress the ribs during breathing | internal intercostals |
| phrenic muscle | diaphram |
| muscle of the upper back that elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula | trapezius |
| lower back muscle that extends, adducts, and rotates the humerous | latissimus dorsi |
| anteromedial abdominal muscles | rectus abdominus |
| white tendon structures located at the midline | linea alba |
| most superficail of theabdominal muscles that compress the abdomen | external obliques |
| intermeediate abdominal muscle | internal obliques |
| deepest of the ab muscles | transverse abdominus |
| posterior abdominal wall muscle that flexes the thigh | psoas major |
| rounded muscle mass of the shoulder that inserts at the deltoid tuberosity of the humerous and flexes, rotates and abducts the arm | deltoid |
| muscle of the shoulder that adducts and rotates the arm | teres major |
| rotator cuff muscles that rotates the arm and insert on the humerous | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
| two headed muscle of the anterior arm that is used for forearm flexion | biceps brachii |
| muscles of the anterior arm used for forearm flexion | brachialis |
| muscle of the posterior arm used for forearm exstension | triceps brachii |
| muscle of the anterior forearm used for wrist flexion | flexor carpi radialis |
| muscle of the anterior forearm used for wrist flexion | flexor carpi ulnaris |
| muscle of the anterior forearm that flexes the phalanges | flexor digitorum superficialis |
| forearm muscles that flexes the forearm | brachioradialis |
| forearm muscle for supination | supinator |
| inner thigh muscles used for thigh adduction | adductor longus |
| inner thigh muscle used for thigh adduction | adductor magnus |
| anterior muscle of the thigh; longest muscle of the body;used for leg flexion and rotation (tailor's muscle) | sartorius |
| anterior thigh muscle that extends the leg | quadriceps |
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius | quadricep muscles |
| posterios thigh muscle that flexes the leg | hamstring muscles |
| posterior knee muscle that rotates the leg | popliteus |
| anterior leg muscle that is used for dorsiflexion | tibialis anterior |
| superficial calf muscle that inserts on the posterior calcaneus used for plantar flexion | gastronemius |
| calf muscle deep to gastronemius used for plantar flexion | soleus |
| what is the command and control center of the body | nervous system |
| what are the divisions of the nervous system | CNS and PNS |
| what are the components of the CNS? | brain and spinal chord |
| what are the components of the PNS? | cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| nerves that move away from CNS | motor nerves |
| nerves that move toward CNS | sensory nerves |
| receivers that branch from cell body | dendrite |
| nerve fibers that transmit away from cell body | axon |
| supporting cells | nonexcitable and wrap neurons |
| neurons | excitable and transmit electrical signals |
| layer of delicate tissue surrounding the axon | endoneurium |
| connective tissue wrapping a nerve fascicle | perineurium |
| whole nerve is surrounded by tough fibrous sheath | epineurium |
| 4 basic parts of the brain | cerebral hemisphere, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum |
| parts of the diencephalon | thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus |
| brainstem raustral to caudal | midbrain, pons, medulla oblingata |
| exspansions of the brain's central cavity | ventricles |
| contain cerebral spinal fluid | ventricles |
| where CSF is produced | choroid plexuses of the ventricles |
| seperates frontal and parietal lobe | central sulcus |
| seperates occipital from parietal | parieto- occipital sulcus |
| seperates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes | lateral sulcus |
| gray matter. external layer | cerebral cortex |
| deep to the cortex | white matter |
| connect different parts of the same hemisphere | association fibers |
| run vertically between the cerebral hemispheres of the brainstem and spinal cord | projection fibers |
| found deep in white matter | basal nuclei |
| most cranil nerves attach to this region | brainstem |
| controls balance and muscle coordination | cerebellum |
| dura matter of the meninges | 2 layes- periosteal and menigeal layer |
| arachnoid matter of the meninges | filled with csf |
| function of csf | liquid cushion to the brain and spinal chord |
| blood brain barrier | prevents most blood borne pathogens from entering the brain |
| inferior end of the spinal chord | conus medullaris |
| spinal nerves that arise form the terminal end of the spinal chord | cauda equina |
| anchor the spinal cord to vertebrae | denticulate ligaments |
| how many cranial nerves | 12 |
| cranial nerve I | olfactory |
| cranial nerve II | optic |
| cranial nerve III | innervates 4 extrinsic eye muscles |
| Cranial nerve IV | trochlear. innervates an extrinsic eye muscle |
| cranial nerve V | trigeminal. sensory innervation to face motor innervation to chewing muscles |
| Cranial nerve VI | abducens. abducts eyeball |
| cranial nerve VII | inervates muscle of the facial exspression; facial |
| cranial nerve VIII | vestibulocochlear;hearing and balance |
| Cranial nerve IX | glossopharyngeal; innervates tongue and pharynx |
| cranial nerve X | vagus; mixed sensory and motor. "wanders" into thorax and abdomen |
| cranial nerve XI | accessory nerve; part of the vagus |
| cranial nerve XII | hypoglossal; inferior to the tongue |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves | 31 |
| cervival- brachial plexus | 8 |
| thoracic plexus | 12 |
| lumbar plexus | 5 |
| sacral plexus | 5 |
| coccygeal plexus | 1 |
| involuntary nervous system | autonomic nervous system |
| fight, fright, flight. active during exercise, excitement, and emergencies | sympathetic division |
| resting and digesting. concerned with conserving energy | parasympathetic |
Created by:
kvulgaris
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