STAAR Reporting Category #2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Nucleotide | A subunit (monomer) of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
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| Phosphate Group | Component of DNA or RNA nucleotide
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| Deoxyribose | A monosaccharide (sugar) found in each nucleotide in DNA.
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| Nitrogen Bases | Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine in DNA.
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine in RNA.
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| Genetic Code | The code found in DNA that matches codons in mRNA to amino acids on tRNA.
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| Genome | An organism's complete set of genetic information (DNA).
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| Transcription | The process where a copy of mRNA is made from one gene in DNA; occurs in nucleus
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| Translation | The process of making a protein, where tRNA matches amino acids to codons in the mRNA; occurs in ribosome
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| Translocation | mutation resulting from movement of DNA from one chromosome to a different location on some chromosome
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| Meiosis | cell division creating sex cells with half the amount of DNA
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| Monohybrid cross | punnett square showing results of genetic cross of one trait
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| Dominant | allele with genetic trait always expressed
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| homozygous | alleles with the same genetic information
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| Non-Mendelian Inheritance | genetic inheritance pattern different from dominant hides recessive trait such as codominance, imcomplete dominance
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| Incomplete Dominance | genetic inheritance pattern where phenotype of offspring are a blend between two separate parental phenotypes
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| Genetic Mutation | changes in organism's DNA sequence;
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| Deletion | changes in genetic code with removal of nucleotides
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| Insertion | changes in genetic code with addition of nucleotides
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| Inversion | changes in genetic code with nucleotides in opposite order
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| Gene | A unit of heredity; A portion of DNA that codes for a trait.
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| Punnett Square | graphic organizer showing results of a genetic cross
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| Dihybrid cross | punnett square showing results of genetic cross of two traits
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| Mendelian Inheritance | genetic inheritance pattern when dominant trait always masks or hides phenotype of recessice trait
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| Recessive | Genetic trait which only expresses phenotype when in homozygous state; hides when dominant allel is present
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| Homozygous | alleles with the same genetic information
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| Heterozygous | alleles with different genetic information; one dominant allele and one recessice allele.
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| Co-dominance | genetic inheritance pattern in which two dominant alleles are expressed in phenotype
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| DNA fingerprinting | creating a gel electrophoresis of DNA nucleotides to determine similarities in banding patterns
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| Genetic Modification | changing of the DNA sequence to alter protein synthesis
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| Chromosomal Analysis | karyotype; picture of chromosomes to determine mutations such as nondisjunction
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| Sex Cells | Haploid cells created by meiosis; gametes
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| Independent Assortment | Mendel principle states different pairs of genes are passed to offsrping separately to form new gene combinations
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| Crossing Over | exchange of DNA from separate chromosomes during meiosis
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| Segregation | Mendel principle that gene pairs separate during meiosis so each parent passes down one form of gene to offspring.
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