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STAAR #2
STAAR Reporting Category #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleotide | A subunit (monomer) of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. |
| Phosphate Group | Component of DNA or RNA nucleotide |
| Deoxyribose | A monosaccharide (sugar) found in each nucleotide in DNA. |
| Nitrogen Bases | Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine in DNA. Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine in RNA. |
| Genetic Code | The code found in DNA that matches codons in mRNA to amino acids on tRNA. |
| Genome | An organism's complete set of genetic information (DNA). |
| Transcription | The process where a copy of mRNA is made from one gene in DNA; occurs in nucleus |
| Translation | The process of making a protein, where tRNA matches amino acids to codons in the mRNA; occurs in ribosome |
| Translocation | mutation resulting from movement of DNA from one chromosome to a different location on some chromosome |
| Meiosis | cell division creating sex cells with half the amount of DNA |
| Monohybrid cross | punnett square showing results of genetic cross of one trait |
| Dominant | allele with genetic trait always expressed |
| homozygous | alleles with the same genetic information |
| Non-Mendelian Inheritance | genetic inheritance pattern different from dominant hides recessive trait such as codominance, imcomplete dominance |
| Incomplete Dominance | genetic inheritance pattern where phenotype of offspring are a blend between two separate parental phenotypes |
| Genetic Mutation | changes in organism's DNA sequence; |
| Deletion | changes in genetic code with removal of nucleotides |
| Insertion | changes in genetic code with addition of nucleotides |
| Inversion | changes in genetic code with nucleotides in opposite order |
| Gene | A unit of heredity; A portion of DNA that codes for a trait. |
| Punnett Square | graphic organizer showing results of a genetic cross |
| Dihybrid cross | punnett square showing results of genetic cross of two traits |
| Mendelian Inheritance | genetic inheritance pattern when dominant trait always masks or hides phenotype of recessice trait |
| Recessive | Genetic trait which only expresses phenotype when in homozygous state; hides when dominant allel is present |
| Homozygous | alleles with the same genetic information |
| Heterozygous | alleles with different genetic information; one dominant allele and one recessice allele. |
| Co-dominance | genetic inheritance pattern in which two dominant alleles are expressed in phenotype |
| DNA fingerprinting | creating a gel electrophoresis of DNA nucleotides to determine similarities in banding patterns |
| Genetic Modification | changing of the DNA sequence to alter protein synthesis |
| Chromosomal Analysis | karyotype; picture of chromosomes to determine mutations such as nondisjunction |
| Sex Cells | Haploid cells created by meiosis; gametes |
| Independent Assortment | Mendel principle states different pairs of genes are passed to offsrping separately to form new gene combinations |
| Crossing Over | exchange of DNA from separate chromosomes during meiosis |
| Segregation | Mendel principle that gene pairs separate during meiosis so each parent passes down one form of gene to offspring. |
Created by:
YoungbloodScience
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