Trauma-Midlands EMS
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| _____ emergencies are a result of physical forces applied to the body. | Trauma
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| The way in which taumatic injuries occur in called the _______ ___ ______. | Mechanism of Injury (MOI)
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| The _____ __ _______ is your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries. | Index of Suspision
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| Force acting over distance is ____ | Work.
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| _____ = Mass X velocity | Kinetic energy.
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| Energy cannot be _____ or _____. | Created or destroyed.
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| _____ _____ is the product of mass, force of gravity, and height. Falling objects. | Potential energy.
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| Blunt trauma is...? | Force to the body causing injury without penetrating soft tissue, internal organs, or cavities .
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| Penetrating trauma is...? | Injury to the body by objects that pierce or penetrate the surface of the body, causing damage to the soft tissue, internal organs, and body cavity.
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| The three collisions in a typical impact are...? | 1) Car against car/tree/other object. 2) Passenger against interior of car. 3) Passenger's internal organs against solid structures of the body.
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| Coup-contracoup brain injury | Compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching of the posterior portion.
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| Significant MOI's include what findings? | 1)Death of an occupant in the vehicle. 2)Severe deformity/intrusion of vehicle. 3)Altered mental status. 4)Ejection from vehicle.
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| The five types of collisions include...? | 1)Frontal 2)Rear-end 3)Lateral 4)Rollover 5)Rotational
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| Significant falls are falls from ___ times the patient's height. | Three
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| The mechanisms of balst injuries include...? | 1)Primary blast injury (blast wave) 2)Secondary blast injury (flying debris) 3)Tertiary blast injury (impact with another object)
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| On-scene times should be limited to ___ minutes or less. | Ten
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| The major components of patient assessment include...? | Scene size up, Primary assessment, History taking, Secondary assessment, Reassessment.
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| Solid organs include...? | Liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys.
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| Hollow organs include...? | Stomach, intestines, and uninary bladder.
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| The cardiovascular syster circulates blood to all the body's cells and tissues, delivering _____ and nutrients and carrying away metabolic _____. | Oxygen. Waste.
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| Three parts of the cardiovascular system. | Heart (pump) Blood vessels (container) Blood and body fluids (fluid)
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| The ____ is the is largest artery in the body. | Aorta
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| Describe bloodflow through the heart. | Infereior/Superior vena cave->right atrium->tricuspid valve->pulmonic semilunar valve->pulmonary atery to the lungs. Oxygenated in the lungs->pulmonary veins->left atrium->bicuspid (mitral) valve->left ventricle->aortic semilunar valve->aorta->body.
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| What forms blood clots? | Platelets.
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| ______ is the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue. | Perfussion.
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| How long can the brain and spinal cord avoid injury without perfussion? | 4-6 minutes.
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| After 45 minutes the _____ can sustain damage after inadequate perfussion. | Kidneys.
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| With inadequate perfussion, the _____ ______ will show evidence of damage after two hours. | Skeletal system.
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| Weak, rapid pulse. Low blood pressure. Changes in mental status. Cool, clammy skin. Cyanosis. These are signs and symptoms of what? | Hypovolemic shock.
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| The body will not tolerate an acute blood lossof more than ___%. | 20
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| ____ bleeding is brighter red and spuurts with the pulse. | Arterial.
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| ____ bleeding is darker red and flows slowly or severely, depending on the size. | Venous.
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| The narrowing of vessels to reduce bleeding is called what? | Vasoconstriction.
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| Coagulation is __________________________________. | the forming of a clot, plugging and sealing injured protions of a vessel.
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| The lask of one or more of the blood clotting factors is called _____. | Hemophilia.
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| _____ is the most common symptom of internal bleeding. | Pain.
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| List the three most common methods for controling external bleeding. | Direct, even pressure. Pressure dressing or splint. Tourniquets.
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| Epistaxis is a _____. | Nosebleed.
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| Vomited blood is called what? | Hematemesis.
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| The ____ is our first line of defense against external forces and infection. It is also the _____ largest organ in the body. | Skin, largest.
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| List the three main layers of the skin. | Epidermis. Dermis. Subcutaneous tissue.
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| The three types of soft-tissue injuries are...? | Closed injuries (brusies). Open injuries (abrasions). Burns.
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| ______ _____ is caused when arterial blood flow is compromised. | Crushing syndrome.
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| Compartment syndrome is __________________________. | when compressed blood vessels cut off blood flow to the tissue.
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| Types of open unjuries include...? | Abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, amputations, and penetrating wounds.
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| RICES stands for what? | Rest. Ice. Compression. Elevation. Splinting.
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| Five factors for determining the severity of a burn ...? | Depth of burn? Extent of burn? Critical areas? Preexistinng medical conditions or injuries? Younger than 5 or older than 55?
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| Burn depth is classified into three cetegories, they are what? | Superficial (1st degree) Partial-thickness (2nd degree) Full thickness (3rd degree)
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| Use the ____ __ ____ to determine the amount of surface area that has been burned. | Rules of nine.
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| Thermal burns are caused by ____. | Heat.
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| The most common thermal burns are caused by ____ and ____. | Flames, scalds.
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| Signs and symptoms of edema include ...? | Hoarse voice, singed nasal hairs, singed facial hairs, burns of the face, or carbon particles in the sputum.
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| Three types of ionizing radiation and descriptions. | Alpha-Little penetrating engery, easily stopped by skin. Beta-Greater penetrating power, travel faster, can be blocked by protective clothing. Gamma- Very penetrating, easily passes through the body and solid objects.
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| Occlusive dressing can be made of what? | Vaseline gause, aluminum foil, or plastic to prevent air and liquids from entering or exiting the wound.
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| The six facial bones are ...? | Nasal bone, two zygomas, two maxilliae, and the mandible.
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