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WQ2 Microbiology

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Answer
Normal Flora   microorganism that established residence but do not produce disease under normal conditions  
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A microorganism that is not causing any harm to the host is known as a   Normal Flora  
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Microbial antagonism   normal flora can benefits the host by preventing the overgrowth of harmful microorganism; mutal opposition or contrary action; inbitionof microorganism growth by the presens of another  
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Competing for nutrients and space, producing toxins, and producing ph changes are examples of   microbial antagonism  
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Symbiosis   when two or more different species or organisms live together in close association  
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Commentalism   a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected; one organism gains some benefits such as protection or nourishment and the host is not harm  
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Mutualism, Commensalisms and Parasitism are all examples of what kind of relationship between normal flora and the host   symbiotic  
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Synergism and Antagonism are both examples of what kind of relationship between normal flora and the host   nonsymbiotic  
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Pathology   the study of the nature and cause of disease which involves changes in structure and function  
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Etiology   the study of the cause of disease  
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Pathogensis   the origin and development of a disease  
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Pathogenicity   the ability to produce pathological change and disease  
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Disease   a pathological condition of the body that presents a group of clinical signs and symptoms that sets the condition apart as an abnormal entities differing from other normal or pathological body states  
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Infection   invaded  
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Contamination   surface  
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Infestation   invasion  
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Infection   the state or condition in which the body or part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that under favorable conditions multiples and produces injurious effects  
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Contamination   the act of introducing disease causing germs or infectious material in an area or substance  
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Infestation   the invasion of the body or an area by macroscopic organisms  
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Pathogenic microorganism   a microorganism capable of producing disease; the host is the organism from which a parasite obtains its nourishment  
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True pathogen   microorganism that routinely causes disease upon entering the host real or genuine disease causing microorganism  
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Opportunistic pathogen   they ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal environment but may become pathogenic if the conditions or state of health of the host changes  
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Drug fast microorganism   resistance of a microorganism to the action of a drug or drugs  
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Staphylococcus aureus AKA MRSA is an example of this type of microorganism   drug fast or drug resistanct  
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Symptoms   subjective change casused by disease that are felt by the patient but are not directly measurable  
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Signs   objective changes caused by disease observed by a physician nurse or other person attending a patient  
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Syndrome   a group of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease  
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Communicable disease   a disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one person to another  
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Contagious disease   a communicable disease that is transmitted easily from one person to anther  
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Non communicable disease   a disease that is not transmitted from one person to another  
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Epidemiology   the science that studies when and where disease occur and how they are transmitted  
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Notifiable disease or reportable disease   a disease the physicians must report to the US Public Health Service  
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Incidence   the frequency or occurrence of a disease over a period of time and in relation to the population in which it occurs; the number of people in a population who develop a disease during a particular time period  
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40K new cases of HIV in the US in 2006 is an example of an   incidence  
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Prevalence   the fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time prevalence takes into account new and old cases  
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In 2006 more than 1 million person are living with hiv/aids in the united states is an example of   prevalence  
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Sporadic disease   a disease that occurs occasionally in a random or isolated manner  
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Endemic disease   disease that occurs continuously in a particular region  
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Epidemic disease   appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people at the same time in the geographical area; higher than a normal appearance of an infectious disease within a given population  
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Pandemic disease   disease affecting the majority of the population of a large region or one that is epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world; worldwide epidemic  
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Acute disease   disease having a rapid onset and short duration  
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Chronic disease   slow onset and long duration  
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Latent or dormant disease   on outward signs and symptoms  
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Local infection   infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining there  
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Systemic infection   also called a general infection; and infection that spreads throughout the entire body  
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Focal infection   one in which the organism are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body; these type of infections originate at a focus such as tooth cavity or sinus  
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Bacteremia   the presence of bacteria in the blood  
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Septicemia   condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood  
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Viremia   the presence of viruses in the blood  
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Toxemia   the presence of toxins in the blood  
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Primary infection   the first infection that a host has after a period of health; an acute infection that causes the initial illness  
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Secondary infection   infection caused by a different organism than the one causing the primary infection  
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Mixed infection   infection caused by two or more organism  
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Subclinical infection   pertaining to a period before appearance of typical signs and symptoms of a disease  
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Exogenous Infection   arises from microorganisms transmitted from the outside of the body  
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Endogenous Infection   produced or arising from within the body for example the normal flora inside the gastrointestinal tract  
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A hospital acquired infection is an example of a   nonsocomial infection  
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Carriers   organisms that harbor pathogens and transmit them to other  
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Passive carriers   do not exhibits signs and symptoms of the disease  
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Active carriers   exhibit signs and symptoms of the disease  
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Convalescent carriers   recovering from a clinically recognizable form of a disease; have not returned to original state of health  
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Chronic carriers   transmit pathogens for longer than a year  
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Anthrax is an example of what type of disease   zoonoses  
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Zoonoses   diseases that occur primarily in wild and domestic animals and can be transmitted to humans  
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Physical contact, droplet transmission and congenital transmission are all examples of   direct contact transmission  
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Ingestion, airborne transmission, vectors and formites are all example of   indirect contact transmission  
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Formites   inanimate objectives that can spread infection  
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Towels, bedding, keyboards, telephones, doorknobs and needles are what type of indirect contact   formites  
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Mechanical insect vectors   pathogen is carried on the outside of the insect vector  
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Biological insect vectors   generally involved an insect bite; the insect vector harbors the pathogen and the pathogen may actually carry out its life cycle in the insect vector and/or the host  
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What is similar to a protien chemcially and physically?   enzymes  
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whichi is an example of a substraint   PROTein, carbon, lipid  
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use of cold or refrigeration is a ? technique?   bacteriostatsis  
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keeping bodies in a refrigeration is an example of a ? technique   bacteriostatsis  
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when does the enzyme lost it's catalytic activity?   when the enzyme loses it's shape  
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Insect   Infestation  
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Comtamination   Object  
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Infection   Body  
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Type of microbial agent used to disinfect an entire room   fumigation  
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A good quality of disinfection is one that covers   a broad base of agents  
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A terminology of microbrial agent used to sertilze objects   comtamination  
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a metabolic reaction of a catalyst that is synthesis and consumes more energy that it produces   catabolic reaction  
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a metabolic reaction of a catalyst that is degraditive and produces more energy than it need    
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Is the relationship between a substrate and catalyst specific   yes  
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An example of the relationship between a catalyst and a substrate is a   lock and key  
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The substrate name of a protien is a   protienase  
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the substrate name of a carbohysrate is a   carbohydrase  
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the substrate name of a lipid   lipidase  
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In a catalytic reaction enzymes are   not changed  
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A type of microbial agent used to remove or destroy all forms of microbial life including endospores   sterilization  
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incerneration, cremation and hot air sterilization oven are all exammple of   dry heat  
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boiling, free flowing steam and steam under pressure are all examples of   mosit heat  
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sterilization   highest level of growth control; process of completely removing and destroying life form including endospores  
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Pathogen agent distruction or control of microbal growth of pathagen (chem or phy) does not destroy enspores   disinfection  
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sterilization destroys   endospores  
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disinfection destroys   pathogens  
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What is the mechenism of UV radiation   causes mutation of dna cells  
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what is the mechanism of dryheat/autoclave   oxidation of celluar compounds and enzymes  
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what is the mechansim of mosit heat   denatures protein and enzymes  
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What is the mechanism of desciccation   water limits growth  
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what is the mechanismof cold   prevents growth  
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What is the mechanism fo scrubbing   scrubbing itself  
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What is the most complete control method   sterilization  
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Which technique is more efficeint technigue to control microbial growth moist heat or dry heat   moist heat, the high temperatures denatures protiens and enzemyes  
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Of the moist heat techniques which is the most effective kills the most microbial   hot air auutoclave 121 c for 15 mins  
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What describes a catabolic reactions   Degradative  
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What describes an anatobolic reaction   Synthetic  
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Which of the following best describes enzymes   Biological catalyst  
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Denaturation is the loss of an enzyme charaterisci three dimensional structure or shape   True  
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What term best describe the removal of all microbial life including endospores   Sterilization  
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What term best describe the removal of all microbial life excluding endospores   Disinfection  
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What is a derivative of phenolic   Cresol  
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What is a term that describes the inhibiting (not destruction) of the grwoth of bacteria   Bacteriostatis  
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Which physical microbial control method is the most efficient   Auto clave steam under pressure  
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Which group of lipolytic could dissolve cell membrance   Alcohols/Phenol  
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Which group is described as a strong oxidizing agent   Halogens  
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Which group is described as a reducing agent   Aldehydes  
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Which group is described as a surfacant   QUATS  
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Symbiosis   two or more organism living together  
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Mutualism   Both organism benefit  
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Commensalism   One organism benefits; no harm or benefit to the other  
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microbial antagonism   mutal oppositin or contray action  
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parasitism   mutal oppositionor contray action  
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infection   body or part of the body is invaded by a pathogen  
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contamination   introducing infectious material on a surface  
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infestation   invasion of an area by macroscopic organisms  
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true pathogen   microorganism routinely causes disease  
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opportunites pathogen   ordinarily do not cause disease  
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drug fast microorganism   drug resistant  
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Syndrome   a group of signs and symptoms  
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local infection   infection that loadges at one point  
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systemic infection   general infection  
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septicemia   multiplicationof bacteria in the blood  
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bacteremia   presense of bacteria in the blood  
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subclinical infection   period before signs and symptoms  
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droplet transmission   direct contact transmission  
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ingestation ozoonosisf contaminated food   indirect contact transmission  
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biological vector   indirect contact transmission  
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congenital transmission   direct contact transmission  
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fomite transmission   indirect contact transmission  
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zoonosis   disease of animals transmitted to humans  
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passive carrier   does not exhibit signs and symptoms of the disease  
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active carrier   exhibit signs and symptoms of the disease  
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chronic carrier   transmit pathogen for more than a year  
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convalescent carrier   recovering from a disease  
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THE DESTRUCTION OF ALL MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR PRODUCTS IS TERMED   STERILIZATION  
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THE INHIBITION OF BACTERIAL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION WITHOUT NECESSARILY DESTROYING THE ORGANISMS IS THE RESULT OF   AN ANTISEPTIC  
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THE DESTRUCTION OF ALL PATHOGENS AND THEIR PRODUCTS IS TERMED   DISINFECTION  
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AN AGENT WHICH DESTROYS YEASTS AND MOLDS IS TERMED A/AN   FUNGICIDE  
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AN AGENT WHICH LIBERATES GASES OR FUMES FOR THE PURPOSE OF DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS AND MICROORGANISMS IS CALLED   A FUMIGANT  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST EFFICIENT IN DESTRUCTION OF MICROORGANISMS   STEAM UNDER PRESSURE  
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WHICH OF THESE IS PRIMARILY BACTERIOSTATIC IN ITS ACTION   COLD  
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THE MOST WIDELY APPLICABLE AND EFFECTIVE STERILIZING AGENT IS   HEAT  
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FREE-FLOWING STEAM IS ABOUT EQUAL TO   BOILING  
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THE AUTOCLAVE USUALLY GENERATES A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT   121 DEGREES F.  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A FACTOR IN THE ACTION OF A CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT   TIME OF DAY  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS USED AS A STANDARD TO MEASURE THE EFFICIENCY OF CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS   PHENOL  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND   ZEPHIRAN CHLORIDE  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A PHENOLIC COMPOUND   GLUTARALDEHYDE  
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A TERM THAT MAY BE USED TO DESCRIBE THE PRESENCE OF TRUE PATHOGENS ON INANIMATE OBJECTS   CONTAMINATION  
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MICROORGANISMS THAT PRODUCE DISEASE ONLY UNDER FAVORABLE CONDITIONS ARE   OPPORTUNISTS  
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WHAT TERM REFERS TO THE INVASION OF THE BODY BY MACROSCOPIC PARASITES   INFESTATION  
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WHAT TERM IS DEFINED AS THE INVASION OF THE BODY BY LIVING MICROORGANISMS WITH SUBSEQUENT MULTIPLICATION AND DISEASE PRODUCTION   INFECTION  
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WHAT TERM REFERS TO THE PREFERENCE OF A PATHOGEN FOR A PARTICULAR PART OF THE BODY   ELECTIVE LOCALIZATION  
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AN INFECTION WHICH IS CAUSED BY ORGANISMS ALREADY PRESENT IN THE BODY IS BEST DESCRIBED AS   ENDOGENOUS  
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AN INFECTION WHICH HAS RELATIVELY SHORT AND SEVERE COURSE IS TERMED   ACUTE  
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AN INFECTION WHICH REMAINS CONFINED TO A PARTICULAR PART OF THE BODY IS TERMED   LOCAL  
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WHAT INFECTION IS ONE IN WHICH MICROORGANISMS OR THEIR PRODUCTS ARE SPREAD BY THE BLOOD OR LYMPH TTHROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE BODY   GENERAL  
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WHAT INFECTION IS ONE WHICH HAS A RELATIVELY SLOW ONSET AND LONG DURATION   CHRONIC  
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WHAT INFECTION SPREADS FROM ONE AREA OF INFECTION TO SET UP OTHER AREAS OF INFECTION IN THE BODY   FOCAL  
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WHAT INFECTION IS ONE IN WHICH THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS ENTER THE BODY FROM THE OUTSIDE BY ENTERING THROUGH ONE OF THE PORTALS OF ENTRY   EXOGENOUS  
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WHAT INFECTION IS ONE WHICH OCCURS IN AN INDIVIDUAL WHO ALREADY HAS AN INFECTION OF ANOTHER TYPE   SECONDARY  
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WHAT INFECTION IS ONE CAUSED BY TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ORGANISMS AT ABOUT THE SAME TIME   MIXED  
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WHAT IS A CONDITION IN WHICH BACTERIA ARE FOUND IN THE BLOOD BUT NOT MULTIPLYING THERE   BACTEREMIA  
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WHAT INFECTION OCCURS IN AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS NO OTHER ACTIVE INFECTION   PRIMARY  
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WHAT IS AN INFECTION OF THE BLOOD WITH ACTUAL GROWTH AND MULTIPLICATION OF PATHOGENS IN THE BLOODS   SEPTICEMIA  
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WHAT INFECTION OCCURS AS A LATE COMPLICATION OF ANOTHER DISEASE AND IS ITSELF THE ACTUAL CAUSE OF DEATH   TERMINAL  
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A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE WHICH IS CONSTANTLY PRESENT TO A GREATER OR LESSER DEGREE WITHIN A COMMUNITY IS TERMED   ENDEMIC  
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A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE THAT ATTACKS A LARGE NUMBER OF PERSONS IN A COMMUNITY AT ABOUT THE SAME TIME IS TERMED   EPIDEMIC  
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A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE THAT OCCURS IN A COMMUNITY ONLY AS AN OCCASIONAL CASE IS TERMED   SPORADIC  
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A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE THAT HAS SPREAD TO MORE THAN ONE COUNTRY MAY BE DESCRIBED AS   PANDEMIC  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF A CARRIER   NEVER HAD DISEASE THAT IS BEING CARRIED, MAY HAVE HAD THE DISEASE AND RECOVERED, NO SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE  
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WHAT CARRIER HARBORS AND DISSEMINATES THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF A DISEASE FOR A LONG TIME FOLLOWING RECOVERY FROM A DISEASE   ACTIVE  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A MODE OF DIRECT DISEASE TRANSMISSION   DROPLET SPRAY  
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WHICH OF THESE TRANSMIT DISEASE BY BITING THE HOST   BIOLOGICAL VECTORS  
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD MOST LIKELY TRANSMIT TYPHOID FEVER AS A MECHANICAL VECTOR   HOUSEFLY  
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CONGENTIAL DISEASE TRANSMISSION OCCURS THROUGH THE   PLACENTA  
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THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIA IN THE BLOOD WITH NO NOTICEABLE GROWTH OR REPRODUCTION IS   BACTEREMIA  
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A PERSON WHO HARBORS A PATHOGENIC MICROBE BUT DOES NOT EXHIBIT ANY SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE WHICH IT IS KNOWN TO CAUSE IS   A CARRIER  
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THE INVASION, MULTIPLICATION AND SPREADING OF MICROORGANISMS CAUSING HARM TO THE HOST IS   INFECTION  
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WHAT TYPE OF PATHOGENS CAUSE DISEASE UNDER MOST CONDITIONS   TRUE PATHOGENS  
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FOR DISINFECTION, ALCOHOL IS MOST EFFECTIVE IN A   70% SOLUTION  
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THE PROCESS OF PASSING A LIQUID THROUGH A MATERIAL WITH PORES SO SMALL THAT BACTERIA CANNOT PASS THROUGH IS   FILTRATION  
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WHICH OF THESE CHEMICAL AGENTS IS A MEMBER OF THE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND FAMILY   BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE  
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THOSE MICROORGANISMS THAT DO NOT NORMALLY INVADE THE BODY OF THE HOST TO PRODUCE DISEASE ARE   NORMAL FLORA  
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WHICH OF THESE IS LEAST EFFECTIVE IN ACHIEVING A STERILE ENVIRONMENT   BOILING  
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WHICH MECHANICAL METHOD OF SANITATION IS LIKELY TO BE USED IN THE PRACTICE OF MORTUARY HYGIENE   SCRUBBING  
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WHICH OF THESE CHEMICAL AGENTS IS DESCRIBED AS A COAL-TAR DERIVATIVE   PHENOL  
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A BACTERIUM THAT PRODUCES INFECTION ONLY WHEN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS ARISE IS   AN OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN  
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NORMAL FLORA BACTERIA WILL CAUSE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF INFECTION   ENDOGENOUS  
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WHICH OF THESE IS A CHEMICAL AGENT CAPABLE OF KILLING VIRAL ORGANIMS   VIRICIDE  
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WHAT CONTROL PROCESS IS USED TO DESTROY SOMETHING OF NO VALUE   INCINERATION  
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WHICH AGENT DESTROYS YEASTS AND MOLDS   FUNGICIDE  
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AN AGENT THAT LIBERATES GASES FOR THE PURPOSE OF DESTROYING MACROSCOPIC LIFE FORMS IS A   FUMIGANT  
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WHICH OF THESE STATEMENTS BEST DESCRIBES A PATHOGEN   AN ORGANISM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DISEASE IN A SUSPECTIBLE HOST  
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AN INFECTION THAT OCCURS AFTER ANOTHER INFECTION IS ALREADY PRESENT IS   A SECONDARY INFECTION  
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WHICH OF THESE INFECTIONS OCCURS WITH RAPID ONSET AND SHORT DURATION   ACUTE INFECTION  
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THE FIRST INFECTION THAT A PERSON HAS AT ANY GIVEN TIME IS   A PRIMARY INFECTION  
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AN INFECTION THAT IS CAUSED BY TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ORGANISMS IS A   MIXED INFECTION  
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS IN WHICH NEITHER CAN SURVIVE INDEPENDENT OF THE OTHER IS   SYMBIOTIC  
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A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS IN WHICH ONE IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE OTHER IS   ANTAGONISTIC  
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A MUTUALLY ADVANTAGEOUS SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS IS   MUTUALISM  
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WHAT TYPE OF CONDITION IS PRODUCED BY THE APPLICATION OF AN ANTISEPTIC   BACTERIOSTATIC  
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WHICH OF THESE TERMS IS SYNONYMOUS WITH BACTERIOSTATIC   ANTISEPTIC  
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ULTRAVIOLET RAYS OF SUNLIGHT   ARE BACTERICIDAL  
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CONGENITAL DISEASE TRANSMISSION OCCURS THROUGH   THE PLACENTA  
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WHY ARE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT RAYS LETHAL TO BACTERIA   THEY DAMAGE THE DNA OR RNA OF THE MICROBE  
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WHAT IS THE IMPLICATION OF STERILIZATION   TO RENDER AN OBJECT FREE OF ALL LIVING ORGANISMS  
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