68WM6
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| Movement of a body part away from the midline | abduction
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| movement of a body part toward the midline | adduction
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| a thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis | artciular
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| moves the distal end of a bone in a circle | circumduction
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| the outer layer of bone that is hard and dense | compact bone
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| an oval projection that fits into an elliptical socket | condyle
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| a sharp edge | crest
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| shaft; a hollow tube made of hard, compact bone | diaphysis
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| a thin membrane that lines the meduallary cavity | endosteum
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| cartilage between the epiphyses and the diaphysis; primary location for growth | epiphyseal plate
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| the ends of the bone | epiphyses
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| increasing the angle of a join, as in straightening a bent elbow | extension
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| reduces the angle of the joint, as in bending the elbow | flexion
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| areas where ossification is incomplete or known as "soft spots" | fontanel
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| the process of blood cell formation | hematopoiesis
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| the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone containing yellow bone marrow; consists primarily of fat | medullary cavity
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| a large depression on the posterior surface of the humerus | olecranon fossa
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| bone reabsorbing cells | osteoclasts
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| living bone cells | osteocytes
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| a bone-forming cell | osteoblasts
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| a strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces | periosteum
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| soft connective tissue inside the hard walls of some bones | red bone marrow
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| spins one bone relative to another, as in rotatingthe head at the neck joint | rotation
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| spaces or cavities within some of the cranial bones | sinus
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| the porous bone in the end ofthe long bone | spongy bone
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| an immovable joint | suture
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| purpose of the skeletal system | provide a rigid framework and support structure for the whole body
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| functions of the skeletal system | support, protection, movement, storage, hematopoiesis
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| structure that connects muscle to bone | tendon
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| structure that connects bone to bone | ligament
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| most abundant substance in bone | calcium
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| two types of marrow | red and yellow
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| types of bones | long, short, flat, irregular
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| carpals and tarsals are an example of what type of bone | short bones
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| scapula and skull bones are an example of what type of bone | flat bones
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| vertebrae are an example of what type of bones | irregular bones
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| humerus and femur are examples of what type of bones | long bones
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| bones form by the replacement of existing connective tissue, what are the two ways | intramembranous and endochondral
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| developing from layers of connective tissue. simpler and most direct for of ossification; flat bones and clavicles are formed in this manner | intramembranous bone formation
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| develops first as hyaline cartilage, which is later replaced by bone tissue, all other bones are formed in this manner | endochondral bone formation
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| two divisions of the human skeleton | axial and appendicular
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| suture that is midline between the two parietal bones | sigittal
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| suture between the frontal bone and the parietal bones | coronal
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| suture between the occipital and parietal bones | lambdoidal
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| suture between the temporal and parietal bones | squamosal
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| number of vertebrae in the vertebral column | 26
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| number of cervical vertebrae | 7
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| number of thoracic vertebrae | 12
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| number of lumbar vertebrae | 5
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| number of fused vertebrae in the sacrum | 5
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| number of fused vertebrae in the coccyx | 4
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| number of pairs of ribs in the thoracic cage | 12
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| number of true ribs | first 7 pairs; costal cartilages of ribs join directly to the sternum
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| number of false ribs | remaining pairs, 8 through 12; connected indirectly to the sternum
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| floating ribs | last two pairs 11, 12; no cartilaginous attachment to the sternum
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| structure located midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cage | sternum
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| top portion of the sternum | manubrium
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| bottom portion of the sternum | xiphoid process
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| composed of two clavicles and two scapulae | pectoral girdle
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| immovable joints | synarthroses
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| slightly movable joints | amphiarthroses
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| freely movable joints | diarthroses
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| fibrous tissue binds bones together in this type of joint | synarthroses
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| cartilaginous tissue binds bones together in this type of joint | amphiarthroses
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| synovial tissue binds bones together in this type of joint | diarthroses
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| types of synovial joints | ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle
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| shoulder and hip (type of joint) | example of ball-and socket joint
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| between the metacarpals and the phalanges (type of joint) | example of a condyloid joint
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| between the wrist and ankle bones (type of joint) | example of gliding joints
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| elbow...humerus and ulna (type of joint) | example of a hinge joint
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| proximal ends of radius and ulna (type of joint) | example of a pivot joint
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| joint between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb | example of a saddle joint
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| lowering a part (drooping the shoulders) | depression
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| flexing the foot at the ankle (bending the foot upward) | dorsiflexion
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| raising a part (shrugging the shoulders) | elevation
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| turning the foot so the sole is outward | eversion
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| straightening a joint so that the angle between its parts is increased and the parts move farther apart (straightening the leg at the knee) | extension
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| excessive extension of the parts at a joint, beyond the anatomical position | hyperextension
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| turning the foot so the sole is inward | inversion
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| extending the foot at the ankle | plantar flexion
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| turning the hand so the palm is downward or turning the foot so that the medial margin is lowered | pronation
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| moving a part forward | protraction
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| moving a part backward | retraction
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| turning the hand so the palm is upward or turning the foot so that thte medial margin is raised | supination
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