68WM6 Ph 2 Test 4WO
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| a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel | aneurysm
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| paroxysmal thoracic chest pain, pressure, and/or choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen to the myocardium | angina pectoris
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| arterial disorder characterized by loss of elasticity, thickening, and calcification of the arterial walls, resulting in decreased blood supply | arteriosclerosis
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| arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of large and medium size arteries | atherosclerosis
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| slow heart rhythm characterized by a pulse less than 60 bpm | bradycardia
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| restoration of the heart's normal sinus rhythm by delivery of a synchronized electric shock through two paddles place on the patient's chest | cardioversion
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| conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries | coronary artery disease
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| converting ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical countershock to the precordium | defibrillation
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| any cardiac rhythm that is not normal sinus rhythm | dysrhythmia (arrhythmia)
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| a foreign object, piece of tissue, tumor, air, gas, or a thrombus that travels in the circulatory system until it becomes lodged in a vessel | embolus
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| surgical removal of the intimall lining of an artery | endarterectomy
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| syndrome of circulatory congestion due to the heart's inability to act as an effective pump | heart failure
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| abnormal deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood | hypoxemia
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| weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp-like pain in the calves caused by decreased arterial blood circulation to the leg muscles | intermittent claudication
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| decreased blood supply to a body organ or part, often marked by pain and organ dysfunction | ischemia
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| necrosis of a portion of the cardiac muscle caused by an occlusion of a major coronary artery or one of its branches | myocardial infarction
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| an obstruction or closing off in a canal, vessel, or passage of the body | occlusion
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| patient must sit up or stand to breath deeply or comfortably | orthopnea
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| pertaining to the outside; surface or surrounding area | peripheral
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| an accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal layers | pleural effusion
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| an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood | polycythemia
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| accumulation of extravascular fluidin lung tissues and alveoli; most commonly caused by left-sided heart failure | pulmonary edema
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| a heart rate greater than 100 bpm | tachycardia
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| location of the heart | mediastinum
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| lower border of the heart | apex
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| upper border of the heart | base
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| two part membrane which is the outside layer of the heart | pericardium
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| layer of the heart composed of the cardiac muscle | mycardium
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| the lining of the inner surface of the chambers of the heart | endocardium
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| the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle | tricuspid
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| the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle | mitral
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| the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery | pulmonary semilunar
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| the valve between the left ventricle and aorta | aortic semilunar
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| upper right chamber of the heart; receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cava, and from the heart via the coronary sinus. | right atrium
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| the lower right chamber; receives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve; pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonic valve via the pulmonary arteries | right ventricle
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| upper left chamber; receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins | left atrium
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| lower left chamber; receives blood from the left atrium through the mitral valve; most muscular section of the heart; pumps oxygenated blood through the aortic valve to all parts of the body | left ventricle
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| the right and left coronary arteries branch off from the ______ | aorta
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| encircle the heart like a crown; perfuse the mycardium with oxygen and nutrients | coronary arteries
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| perfuses the right atrium, right ventricle, and the posterior of the left ventricle | right coronary artery
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| supplies blood to the anterior and lateral wall of the left ventricle, the apex of the left ventricle, and the left atrium | left coronary artery
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| coronary veins empty into the _______ _____ | coronary sinus
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| this subdivision of circulation circulates blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium | systemic circulation
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| this subdivision of circulation circulates blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back into the left atrium | pulmonary circulation
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| an inherent ability of the heart muscle to contract in a rhythmic pattern | automaticity
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| the ability of the heart muscle tissue to respond to stimulus | irritability
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| the pace maker of the heart | SA (sinoatrial) node
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| the node responsible for stimulating the contraction of the atria | SA (sinoatrial) node
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| the AV node _______ the impulse from the SA node, allowing the atria to complete contraction and the ventricles to fill completely | delays
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| located in the interventricular septum of the heart with branches extending to all parts of the ventricle walls | bundle of his
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| small branches that divide off the left and right bundle branches | purkinje fibers
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| the contraction phase of the heart | systole
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| the cause of the S1 sound of the heart (lubb) | closure of the mitral and bicuspid (atrioventricular) valves
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| the cause of the S2 sound of the heart (dubb) | closure of the pulmonic and aortic (semilunar) valves
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| the relaxation phase of the heart | diastole
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| this diagnostic study shows the size, shape, and position of the heart in shadowy outline | chest radiograph
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| this diagnostic study is a motion radiograph, which allows observation of the movements of the heart | fluoroscopy
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| a series of radiographs taken after injection of dye into an artery | angiogram
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| invasive diagnostic procedure used to visualize the chambers and valves of the heart as well as the great vessels and coronary arteries | cardiac catheterization
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| important allergy to consider before cardiac catheterization | iodine
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| graphic study of the electrical activities of the myocardium | EKG/ECG
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| used for outpatient monitoring of patients with normal ekg with clinical symptoms of cardiac disease | holter or ambulatory ekg
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| used to continually (remotely) monitor cardiac electrical activity of patients who are known or suspected to have dysrhythmias | telemetry
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| tests cardiac function during exertion | stress test
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| this diagnostic study involves the injection of thallium and a scanning camera, and is often used in conjunction with the stress test | thallium scanning
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| an ultrasound view of the heart | echocardiography
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| the most cardiac specific enzyme; the gold standard in MI diagnosis | troponin I
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| hardening and loss of elasticity of the arteries | arteriosclerosis
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| deposit of fatty substances in the arteries | atherosclerosis
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| symptoms of coronary artery disease do not develop until there is at least what percentage of obstruction in coronary circulation | 75-80%
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| non modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease | family history, age, gender, race
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| modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease | smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, physical activity, obesity, diabetes, stress
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| paroxysmal, spasmodic thoracic pain and choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen to the myocardium | angina pectoris
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| unpredictable and transient episode of severe and prolonged discomfort at rest that has never been experienced before or is considerably worse than the previous episode (of angina) | unstable angina
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