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68WM6 Ph 2 Test 4WO
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel | aneurysm |
| paroxysmal thoracic chest pain, pressure, and/or choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen to the myocardium | angina pectoris |
| arterial disorder characterized by loss of elasticity, thickening, and calcification of the arterial walls, resulting in decreased blood supply | arteriosclerosis |
| arterial disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of large and medium size arteries | atherosclerosis |
| slow heart rhythm characterized by a pulse less than 60 bpm | bradycardia |
| restoration of the heart's normal sinus rhythm by delivery of a synchronized electric shock through two paddles place on the patient's chest | cardioversion |
| conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries | coronary artery disease |
| converting ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical countershock to the precordium | defibrillation |
| any cardiac rhythm that is not normal sinus rhythm | dysrhythmia (arrhythmia) |
| a foreign object, piece of tissue, tumor, air, gas, or a thrombus that travels in the circulatory system until it becomes lodged in a vessel | embolus |
| surgical removal of the intimall lining of an artery | endarterectomy |
| syndrome of circulatory congestion due to the heart's inability to act as an effective pump | heart failure |
| abnormal deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood | hypoxemia |
| weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp-like pain in the calves caused by decreased arterial blood circulation to the leg muscles | intermittent claudication |
| decreased blood supply to a body organ or part, often marked by pain and organ dysfunction | ischemia |
| necrosis of a portion of the cardiac muscle caused by an occlusion of a major coronary artery or one of its branches | myocardial infarction |
| an obstruction or closing off in a canal, vessel, or passage of the body | occlusion |
| patient must sit up or stand to breath deeply or comfortably | orthopnea |
| pertaining to the outside; surface or surrounding area | peripheral |
| an accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal layers | pleural effusion |
| an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood | polycythemia |
| accumulation of extravascular fluidin lung tissues and alveoli; most commonly caused by left-sided heart failure | pulmonary edema |
| a heart rate greater than 100 bpm | tachycardia |
| location of the heart | mediastinum |
| lower border of the heart | apex |
| upper border of the heart | base |
| two part membrane which is the outside layer of the heart | pericardium |
| layer of the heart composed of the cardiac muscle | mycardium |
| the lining of the inner surface of the chambers of the heart | endocardium |
| the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle | tricuspid |
| the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle | mitral |
| the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery | pulmonary semilunar |
| the valve between the left ventricle and aorta | aortic semilunar |
| upper right chamber of the heart; receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cava, and from the heart via the coronary sinus. | right atrium |
| the lower right chamber; receives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve; pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonic valve via the pulmonary arteries | right ventricle |
| upper left chamber; receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins | left atrium |
| lower left chamber; receives blood from the left atrium through the mitral valve; most muscular section of the heart; pumps oxygenated blood through the aortic valve to all parts of the body | left ventricle |
| the right and left coronary arteries branch off from the ______ | aorta |
| encircle the heart like a crown; perfuse the mycardium with oxygen and nutrients | coronary arteries |
| perfuses the right atrium, right ventricle, and the posterior of the left ventricle | right coronary artery |
| supplies blood to the anterior and lateral wall of the left ventricle, the apex of the left ventricle, and the left atrium | left coronary artery |
| coronary veins empty into the _______ _____ | coronary sinus |
| this subdivision of circulation circulates blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium | systemic circulation |
| this subdivision of circulation circulates blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back into the left atrium | pulmonary circulation |
| an inherent ability of the heart muscle to contract in a rhythmic pattern | automaticity |
| the ability of the heart muscle tissue to respond to stimulus | irritability |
| the pace maker of the heart | SA (sinoatrial) node |
| the node responsible for stimulating the contraction of the atria | SA (sinoatrial) node |
| the AV node _______ the impulse from the SA node, allowing the atria to complete contraction and the ventricles to fill completely | delays |
| located in the interventricular septum of the heart with branches extending to all parts of the ventricle walls | bundle of his |
| small branches that divide off the left and right bundle branches | purkinje fibers |
| the contraction phase of the heart | systole |
| the cause of the S1 sound of the heart (lubb) | closure of the mitral and bicuspid (atrioventricular) valves |
| the cause of the S2 sound of the heart (dubb) | closure of the pulmonic and aortic (semilunar) valves |
| the relaxation phase of the heart | diastole |
| this diagnostic study shows the size, shape, and position of the heart in shadowy outline | chest radiograph |
| this diagnostic study is a motion radiograph, which allows observation of the movements of the heart | fluoroscopy |
| a series of radiographs taken after injection of dye into an artery | angiogram |
| invasive diagnostic procedure used to visualize the chambers and valves of the heart as well as the great vessels and coronary arteries | cardiac catheterization |
| important allergy to consider before cardiac catheterization | iodine |
| graphic study of the electrical activities of the myocardium | EKG/ECG |
| used for outpatient monitoring of patients with normal ekg with clinical symptoms of cardiac disease | holter or ambulatory ekg |
| used to continually (remotely) monitor cardiac electrical activity of patients who are known or suspected to have dysrhythmias | telemetry |
| tests cardiac function during exertion | stress test |
| this diagnostic study involves the injection of thallium and a scanning camera, and is often used in conjunction with the stress test | thallium scanning |
| an ultrasound view of the heart | echocardiography |
| the most cardiac specific enzyme; the gold standard in MI diagnosis | troponin I |
| hardening and loss of elasticity of the arteries | arteriosclerosis |
| deposit of fatty substances in the arteries | atherosclerosis |
| symptoms of coronary artery disease do not develop until there is at least what percentage of obstruction in coronary circulation | 75-80% |
| non modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease | family history, age, gender, race |
| modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease | smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, physical activity, obesity, diabetes, stress |
| paroxysmal, spasmodic thoracic pain and choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen to the myocardium | angina pectoris |
| unpredictable and transient episode of severe and prolonged discomfort at rest that has never been experienced before or is considerably worse than the previous episode (of angina) | unstable angina |
Created by:
ewoff85
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