68WM6 Ph 2 Test 3-Anti-Infectives
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| Define Antiinfectives | The treatment of infectious disease depending on type of microorganism and the sensitivity of antimicrobials to the organism.
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| Drug of choice to treat anthrax and anthrax exposure. | Ciprofloxacin
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| The most common sulfonamide used worldwide, particularly for UTIs. | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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| Drug of choice to treat serious streptococcal, pneumococcal, and staphylococcal infections. | Clindamycin
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| The pharmacological use of Antiinfectives | The treatment and prophylaxis of various bacterial infections
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| The Actions of Antiinfectives | Kill (bactericidal) or inhibit growth of (bacteriostatic) susceptible pathogenic bacteria. NOT ACTIVE against VIRUSES or FUNGI
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| Define Aminoglycosides | Potent antibiotics reserved for SERIOUS LIFE-THREATENING infections
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
(a)EENT: ototoxicity
(b)GU: nephrotoxicity
(c)MS: muscle paralysis
(d)F&E: hypomagnesemia
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| Define Carbapenems | WIDE SPECTRUM of activity against GRAM+ &
GRAM- AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC organisms
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
(a)CNS: seizures
(b)GI: pseudomembranous colitis
(c)Anaphylaxis
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| Define Cephalosporins | Chemical modifications of the penicillin structure
1st Gen-Active on Gram+
2nd Gen-increased activity on Gram-
3rd Gen-more active on Gram-
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| Define Fluoroquinolones | SYNTHETIC BROAD-SPECTRUM agents
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
(a)CNS: seizures, dizziness
(b)GI: pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea
(c)DERM: Rashes
(d)MISC: Anaphylaxis
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| Define Macrolides | A bacteriostratic, in higher doses becomes bactericidal. Effective on Gram+ & some Gram- organisms
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
Varies on which medication given
(a)Zithromax
(b)Biaxin
(c)Erythromycin
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| Define Penicillins | Antibiotics derived from molds on food.
1)Natural Penicillins
2)Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
3)Amino-penicillins
4)Extended-Spectrum penicillins
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
(a)CNS: seizures
(b)GI: N/V/D
(c)MISC: anaphylaxis
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| Define Sulfonamides | Primarily bacteriostatic in concentration
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
(a)GI: hepatic necrosis, N/V/D
(b)Hemat: argranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
(c)Misc: Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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| Define Tetracyclines | 1st class of antiibiotics released in U.S. Bacteriostatic for many Gram- & Gram+ organisms.
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
(a)CNS: dizziness
(b)GI: N/V/D
(c)Derm: photosensitivity
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| Define Miscellaneous | Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:
(a)CNS: headache
(b)CV: arrhythmias, hypotension
(c)GI: N/V/D. (Clindamycon most significant is pseudomembranous colitis)
Examples
1)clindamycin(Cleocin)
2)quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
3)vancomycin (Vanocin)
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| Define Cephalosporins | Side Effects/Adverse Reactions(1st/2nd/3rd):
(a)CNS: seizures
(b)GI: pseudomembranous colitis
(c)DERM: Rashes
(d)MISC: Anaphylaxis
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| Macrolides-Side Effects/Adverse Reactions-(a)Zithromax /(b)Biaxin | Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:(a-c)
(a)Zithromax - CNS:dizziness,
GI:pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea. MISC: angioedema
(b)Biaxin - CNS: headache. CV: ventricular arrhythmias. GI: pseudomembranous colitis
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| Macrolides-Side Effects/Adverse Reactions-(c) Erythromycin | (c) Erythromycin - CV: QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
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| Aminoglycosides-name 4 medications | 1) gentamicin (Garamycin)
2) neomycin (Mycifradin)
3) streptomycin
4) tobramycin (Nebcin)
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| What chemical category is gentamicin (Garamycin) | Aminoglycosides
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| What chemical category is neomycin (Mycifradin) | Aminoglycosides
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| What chemical category is streptomycin | Aminoglycosides
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| What chemical category is tobramycin (Nebcin) | Aminoglycosides
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| Carbapenems-name 3 medications | 1)ertapenem (Invanz)
2)imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin IM, Primaxin IV)
3)meropenem (Merrem)
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| What chemical category is ertapenem (Invanz) | Carbapenems
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| What chemical category is imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin IM, Primaxin IV) | Carbapenems
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| What chemical category is meropenem (Merrem) | Carbapenems
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| Cephalosporins-name 3-1st Gen. medications | 1)cefadroxil (Duricef)
2)cefazolin (Ancef)
3)cephalexin (Keflex)
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| Cephalosporins-name 3-2nd Gen. medications | 1)cefaclor (Ceclor, Ceclor CD)
2)cefotetan (Cefotan)
3)cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
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| Cephalosporins-name 3-3rd Gen. medications | 1)cefixime (Suprax)
2)cefoperazone (Cefobid)
3)ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
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| What chemical category is cefadroxil (Duricef) | Cephalosporins-1st Gen.
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| What chemical category is cefazolin (Ancef) | Cephalosporins-1st Gen.
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| What chemical category is cephalexin (Keflex) | Cephalosporins-1st Gen.
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| What chemical category is cefaclor (Ceclor, Ceclor CD) | Cephalosporins-2nd Gen.
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| What chemical category is cefotetan (Cefotan) | Cephalosporins-2nd Gen.
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| What chemical category is cefoxitin (Mefoxin) | Cephalosporins-2nd Gen.
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| What chemical category is cefixime (Suprax) | Cephalosporins-3rd Gen.
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| What chemical category is cefoperazone (Cefobid) | Cephalosporins-3rd Gen.
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| What chemical category is ceftriaxone (Rocephin) | Cephalosporins-3rd Gen.
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| Fluoroquinolones-name 2 medications | 1) ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
2) levofloxacin (Levaquin)
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| What chemical category is ciprofloxacin (Cipro) | Fluoroquinolones
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| What chemical category is levofloxacin (Levaquin) | Fluoroquinolones
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| Macrolides-name 3 medications | 1)azithromycin (Zithromax, Zithromax Z-Pak)
2)clarithromycin (Baxin)
3)erythromycin (Erythromycin PO, IV)
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| What chemical category is azithromycin (Zithromax, Zithromax Z-Pak) | Macrolides
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| What chemical category is clarithromycin (Baxin) | Macrolides
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| What chemical category is erythromycin (Erythromycin PO, IV) | Macrolides
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| Natural Penicillins-name 2 medications | 1)Penicillin G (Wycillin)
2)Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K)
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| Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins-name 4 medications | 1)cloxaxillin (Tegopen)
2)dicloxacillin (Dynapen)
3)nafcillin (Unipen)
4)oxacillin (Prostaphlin)
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| Amino-Penicillins-name 4 medications | 1)amoxicillin (Amoxil)
2)amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (Augmentin)
3)ampicillin (Polycillin)
4)ampicillin and sulbactam (Unasym)
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| Extended-Spectrum Penicillins-name 5 medications | 1)carbenicillin (Geocillin)
2)piperacillin (Pipracil)
3)piperacillin and tazobactam (Zosyn)
4)ticarcillin (Ticar)
5)ticarcillin and clavulanate potassium (Timentin)
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| List 9 Chemical categories of Anti-infectives | 1)Aminoglycosides
2)Carbapenems
3)Cephalosporins
4)Fluoroquinolones
5)Macrolides
6)Penicillins
7)Sulfonamides
8)Tetracyclines
9)Miscellaneous
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| What chemical category is Penicillin G (Wycillin) | Natural Penicillins
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| What chemical category is Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K) | Natural Penicillins
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| What chemical category is cloxaxillin (Tegopen) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins
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| What chemical category is dicloxacillin (Dynapen) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins
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| What chemical category is nafcillin (Unipen) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins
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| What chemical category is oxacillin (Prostaphlin) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins
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| What chemical category is amoxicillin (Amoxil) | Amino-Penicillins
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| What chemical category is amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (Augmentin) | Amino-Penicillins
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| What chemical category is ampicillin (Polycillin) | Amino-Penicillins
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| What chemical category is ampicillin and sulbactam (Unasym) | Amino-Penicillins
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| What chemical category is carbenicillin (Geocillin) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
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| What chemical category is piperacillin (Pipracil) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
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| What chemical category is piperacillin and tazobactam (Zosyn) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
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| What chemical category is ticarcillin (Ticar) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
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| What chemical category is ticarcillin and clavulanate potassium (Timentin) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
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| Sulfonamides(Primarily bacteriostatic in concentration)-name 2 medications | 1)trimethoprin
2)sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
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| Tetracyclines-name 2 medications | 1)doxycycline (Vibramycin)
2)tetracycline (Tetracyn) *stains teeth drk brown or yellow
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| Miscellaneous-name 3 medications | 1)clindamycin (cleocin)
2)quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
3)vancomycin (Vancocin)
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| What chemical category is trimethoprin | Sulfonamides
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| What chemical category is sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) | Sulfonamides
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| What chemical category is doxycycline (Vibramycin) | Tetracyclines
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| What chemical category is tetracycline (Tetracyn) | Tetracyclines
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| What chemical category is clindamycin (cleocin) | Miscellaneous
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| What chemical category is quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid) | Miscellaneous
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| What chemical category is vancomycin (Vancocin) | Miscellaneous
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