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68WM6 Ph 2 Test 3
68WM6 Ph 2 Test 3-Anti-Infectives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Antiinfectives | The treatment of infectious disease depending on type of microorganism and the sensitivity of antimicrobials to the organism. |
| Drug of choice to treat anthrax and anthrax exposure. | Ciprofloxacin |
| The most common sulfonamide used worldwide, particularly for UTIs. | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
| Drug of choice to treat serious streptococcal, pneumococcal, and staphylococcal infections. | Clindamycin |
| The pharmacological use of Antiinfectives | The treatment and prophylaxis of various bacterial infections |
| The Actions of Antiinfectives | Kill (bactericidal) or inhibit growth of (bacteriostatic) susceptible pathogenic bacteria. NOT ACTIVE against VIRUSES or FUNGI |
| Define Aminoglycosides | Potent antibiotics reserved for SERIOUS LIFE-THREATENING infections Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: (a)EENT: ototoxicity (b)GU: nephrotoxicity (c)MS: muscle paralysis (d)F&E: hypomagnesemia |
| Define Carbapenems | WIDE SPECTRUM of activity against GRAM+ & GRAM- AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC organisms Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: (a)CNS: seizures (b)GI: pseudomembranous colitis (c)Anaphylaxis |
| Define Cephalosporins | Chemical modifications of the penicillin structure 1st Gen-Active on Gram+ 2nd Gen-increased activity on Gram- 3rd Gen-more active on Gram- |
| Define Fluoroquinolones | SYNTHETIC BROAD-SPECTRUM agents Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: (a)CNS: seizures, dizziness (b)GI: pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea (c)DERM: Rashes (d)MISC: Anaphylaxis |
| Define Macrolides | A bacteriostratic, in higher doses becomes bactericidal. Effective on Gram+ & some Gram- organisms Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Varies on which medication given (a)Zithromax (b)Biaxin (c)Erythromycin |
| Define Penicillins | Antibiotics derived from molds on food. 1)Natural Penicillins 2)Penicillinase-resistant penicillins 3)Amino-penicillins 4)Extended-Spectrum penicillins Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: (a)CNS: seizures (b)GI: N/V/D (c)MISC: anaphylaxis |
| Define Sulfonamides | Primarily bacteriostatic in concentration Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: (a)GI: hepatic necrosis, N/V/D (b)Hemat: argranulocytosis, aplastic anemia (c)Misc: Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| Define Tetracyclines | 1st class of antiibiotics released in U.S. Bacteriostatic for many Gram- & Gram+ organisms. Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: (a)CNS: dizziness (b)GI: N/V/D (c)Derm: photosensitivity |
| Define Miscellaneous | Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: (a)CNS: headache (b)CV: arrhythmias, hypotension (c)GI: N/V/D. (Clindamycon most significant is pseudomembranous colitis) Examples 1)clindamycin(Cleocin) 2)quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid) 3)vancomycin (Vanocin) |
| Define Cephalosporins | Side Effects/Adverse Reactions(1st/2nd/3rd): (a)CNS: seizures (b)GI: pseudomembranous colitis (c)DERM: Rashes (d)MISC: Anaphylaxis |
| Macrolides-Side Effects/Adverse Reactions-(a)Zithromax /(b)Biaxin | Side Effects/Adverse Reactions:(a-c) (a)Zithromax - CNS:dizziness, GI:pseudomembranous colitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea. MISC: angioedema (b)Biaxin - CNS: headache. CV: ventricular arrhythmias. GI: pseudomembranous colitis |
| Macrolides-Side Effects/Adverse Reactions-(c) Erythromycin | (c) Erythromycin - CV: QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
| Aminoglycosides-name 4 medications | 1) gentamicin (Garamycin) 2) neomycin (Mycifradin) 3) streptomycin 4) tobramycin (Nebcin) |
| What chemical category is gentamicin (Garamycin) | Aminoglycosides |
| What chemical category is neomycin (Mycifradin) | Aminoglycosides |
| What chemical category is streptomycin | Aminoglycosides |
| What chemical category is tobramycin (Nebcin) | Aminoglycosides |
| Carbapenems-name 3 medications | 1)ertapenem (Invanz) 2)imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin IM, Primaxin IV) 3)meropenem (Merrem) |
| What chemical category is ertapenem (Invanz) | Carbapenems |
| What chemical category is imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin IM, Primaxin IV) | Carbapenems |
| What chemical category is meropenem (Merrem) | Carbapenems |
| Cephalosporins-name 3-1st Gen. medications | 1)cefadroxil (Duricef) 2)cefazolin (Ancef) 3)cephalexin (Keflex) |
| Cephalosporins-name 3-2nd Gen. medications | 1)cefaclor (Ceclor, Ceclor CD) 2)cefotetan (Cefotan) 3)cefoxitin (Mefoxin) |
| Cephalosporins-name 3-3rd Gen. medications | 1)cefixime (Suprax) 2)cefoperazone (Cefobid) 3)ceftriaxone (Rocephin) |
| What chemical category is cefadroxil (Duricef) | Cephalosporins-1st Gen. |
| What chemical category is cefazolin (Ancef) | Cephalosporins-1st Gen. |
| What chemical category is cephalexin (Keflex) | Cephalosporins-1st Gen. |
| What chemical category is cefaclor (Ceclor, Ceclor CD) | Cephalosporins-2nd Gen. |
| What chemical category is cefotetan (Cefotan) | Cephalosporins-2nd Gen. |
| What chemical category is cefoxitin (Mefoxin) | Cephalosporins-2nd Gen. |
| What chemical category is cefixime (Suprax) | Cephalosporins-3rd Gen. |
| What chemical category is cefoperazone (Cefobid) | Cephalosporins-3rd Gen. |
| What chemical category is ceftriaxone (Rocephin) | Cephalosporins-3rd Gen. |
| Fluoroquinolones-name 2 medications | 1) ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 2) levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
| What chemical category is ciprofloxacin (Cipro) | Fluoroquinolones |
| What chemical category is levofloxacin (Levaquin) | Fluoroquinolones |
| Macrolides-name 3 medications | 1)azithromycin (Zithromax, Zithromax Z-Pak) 2)clarithromycin (Baxin) 3)erythromycin (Erythromycin PO, IV) |
| What chemical category is azithromycin (Zithromax, Zithromax Z-Pak) | Macrolides |
| What chemical category is clarithromycin (Baxin) | Macrolides |
| What chemical category is erythromycin (Erythromycin PO, IV) | Macrolides |
| Natural Penicillins-name 2 medications | 1)Penicillin G (Wycillin) 2)Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K) |
| Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins-name 4 medications | 1)cloxaxillin (Tegopen) 2)dicloxacillin (Dynapen) 3)nafcillin (Unipen) 4)oxacillin (Prostaphlin) |
| Amino-Penicillins-name 4 medications | 1)amoxicillin (Amoxil) 2)amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (Augmentin) 3)ampicillin (Polycillin) 4)ampicillin and sulbactam (Unasym) |
| Extended-Spectrum Penicillins-name 5 medications | 1)carbenicillin (Geocillin) 2)piperacillin (Pipracil) 3)piperacillin and tazobactam (Zosyn) 4)ticarcillin (Ticar) 5)ticarcillin and clavulanate potassium (Timentin) |
| List 9 Chemical categories of Anti-infectives | 1)Aminoglycosides 2)Carbapenems 3)Cephalosporins 4)Fluoroquinolones 5)Macrolides 6)Penicillins 7)Sulfonamides 8)Tetracyclines 9)Miscellaneous |
| What chemical category is Penicillin G (Wycillin) | Natural Penicillins |
| What chemical category is Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K) | Natural Penicillins |
| What chemical category is cloxaxillin (Tegopen) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins |
| What chemical category is dicloxacillin (Dynapen) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins |
| What chemical category is nafcillin (Unipen) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins |
| What chemical category is oxacillin (Prostaphlin) | Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins |
| What chemical category is amoxicillin (Amoxil) | Amino-Penicillins |
| What chemical category is amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (Augmentin) | Amino-Penicillins |
| What chemical category is ampicillin (Polycillin) | Amino-Penicillins |
| What chemical category is ampicillin and sulbactam (Unasym) | Amino-Penicillins |
| What chemical category is carbenicillin (Geocillin) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins |
| What chemical category is piperacillin (Pipracil) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins |
| What chemical category is piperacillin and tazobactam (Zosyn) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins |
| What chemical category is ticarcillin (Ticar) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins |
| What chemical category is ticarcillin and clavulanate potassium (Timentin) | Extended-Spectrum Penicillins |
| Sulfonamides(Primarily bacteriostatic in concentration)-name 2 medications | 1)trimethoprin 2)sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) |
| Tetracyclines-name 2 medications | 1)doxycycline (Vibramycin) 2)tetracycline (Tetracyn) *stains teeth drk brown or yellow |
| Miscellaneous-name 3 medications | 1)clindamycin (cleocin) 2)quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid) 3)vancomycin (Vancocin) |
| What chemical category is trimethoprin | Sulfonamides |
| What chemical category is sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) | Sulfonamides |
| What chemical category is doxycycline (Vibramycin) | Tetracyclines |
| What chemical category is tetracycline (Tetracyn) | Tetracyclines |
| What chemical category is clindamycin (cleocin) | Miscellaneous |
| What chemical category is quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid) | Miscellaneous |
| What chemical category is vancomycin (Vancocin) | Miscellaneous |
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