Test 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Mercury | .387 AU
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| Orbit of Mercury | Highly eccentric, T=88 earth days
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| Rotation of Mercury | Mercurian day: 176 Earth days, 1.5 rotations per orbit/Mercurian year
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| Composition of Mercury | same as Earth, large metallic core, possible it was a larger planet in the past, less liquid metal means slower rotation
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| Geology of Mercury | High Winds, had volcanoes in past
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| Venus | .723 AU
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| Rotation of Venus | retrograde rotation, rotation 243 days, orbit 225 days
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| Composition of Venus | Earth like, Thicker crust than Earth, 100x Earth's atmoshphere by mass
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| Surface of Venus | Many more volcanoes than Earth, domed shaped lava flows, two raised continents but no oceans, mountains similar to Earth, no plate tectonics
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| Atmosphere of Venus | Loss of atmospheric hydrogen due to Solar UV, clouds of sulfuric acid but no rain, too hot near surface for liquid
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| Mars | 1.524 AU
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| Orbit of Mars | more eccentric than Earth, year length 690 daysm distance from Sun varies 255 in Martian year
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| Rotation of Mars | Day length 24.7 hours, axis at 25 degress, has seasons like Earth
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| Seasons of Mars | Polar caps grow during winter, South pole has winter at aphelion, summer at perihelion, seasons more pronounced in south hemisphere
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| Composition of Mars | Similar to Earth, silicate crust and mantle, Iron nickle core less dense due to sulfar, crust 2x as thick as Earth, no plate tectonic, weak magnetic field
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| Surface of Mars | Less volcanoes than Earth but larger, evidence of liquid water, dune seas and massive sand storms
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| Atmosphere of Mars | Thin atmosphere, 95% CO2 3%N2, may have lost atmosphere over long time, more atmospheric pressure would have preserved liquid water
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| Earth | 1 AU
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| Composition of Earth | Large liquid metal layer=strong magnetic field, earthquakes create pressure waves
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| Plate Tectonics | New material, pushes through crust at midocean ridges, pushes crustal plates apart, subduction is when one plate slides beneath another, volcanoes result
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| Tidal Forces | Tides are due to bulging of oceans under different gravitational forces from the moon
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| Jupiter | 5.2 AU
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| Interior of Jupiter | Mantle convection causes 120 m/s winds, possible water layer just above core, fluid metallic hydrogen provides magnetic field
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| Magnetic Field of Jupiter | Stonger than Earth's , deflects solar wind, traps charged particles in an envelope around planet
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| Io | Jupiters nearest large satellite, most volcanically active body in solar systemm habitable surface temperature, no atmosphere, injects gasses into jupiters magnetic field
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| Aurora | Solar wind and charged particles from Io are trapped in Jupiters magnetic fields, field lines lead to poles
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| Gaynemede | Largest moon in solar system, water is a large component, likley soft ice or hydrate crystals in mantle, possible liquid water
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| Callisto | Composition like Gaynemede but odd structure, ice and rock crust no defined core, possible liquid water layer
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| Surface of Europa | no atmosphere, cracks filled with water emerging from below, cryovolcanism, domes due to upwelling, vast ice flows
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| Composition of Europa | Icy crust up to 200 km thick, silicate mantle, rocky/metalic core, volcanic vents at ocean floor, possible life?
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| Saturn | 9.6 AU
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| Interior of Saturn | Rocky core, liquid metallic hydrogen mantle, molecular hydrogen crust
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| Titan | atmosphere similar to Earth (rich in carbon compounds), shed light on early organic chemistry of Earth, habitable when Sun becomes red giant
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| Uranus | 19.2 AU
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| Rotation of Uranus | Extreme tilt, moons and rings orbit same direction as roatation
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| Seasons of Uranus | Day night cycle similar to Earth in fall/spring, summer is all light, winter is all dark
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| Neptune | 30 AU
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| Weather of Neptune | Strongest winds in solar system, vortices like Jupiters Red spot but less long lived, greater temperature differences inside cause more convection
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| Interior of Neptune | Rocky core, highly compressed water mantle, liquid hydrogen and helium crust
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| Triton | Highly tilted retrograde orbit, thin atmosphere freezes solid over night, captured after Neptune formed, volcanoes of liquid nitrogen and methane
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| Nebular Theory | Disc forms bringing particles close, collisions form planetesmals while a protostar forms at center, fusion ignites in star causing T tauri wind dissipating gasses, gas giants scatter material inward aiding rocky planets formation
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| Nebular Theory Rocky Planets | got material via gravity and collisions, collapse would give planets rotational directions
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| Frost Line | Water is vaporous nearer the protostar and does not form planetesmals there, water is solid beyone frost line
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| Direct Detection | Image with telescope, image star and look at nearby objects, diffraction spreads out light of star blotting out planet, biased toward large planets
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| Interferometry | use wave nature of light to distinguish two sources from single source, pattern depends on size and separation of telescopes, studies plantet doesn't discover them, biased toward large planets
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| Astrometry | Directly observe stars motion due to planets gravity, range to hundreds of LY, information on mass of planet and details of orbit, biased toward large M planets
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| Doppler Effect | Charges wavelength of light when source moves toward or away, indicates velocity of star as it varies with time, works out to thousands of LY, most sucessful method to find planets to date, biased toward large M planets in close orbits
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| Biases of Transits | Large R planets in close by orbits
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Created by:
crescenti
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