3rd yr psych
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| aphasia | prob. with production and comprehension of spoken word
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| agraphia | prob. with writing words
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| dyslexia | prob with reading written words
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| acalculia | problem with numeric processing
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| auditory agnoisia | problem with recognition of auditory info (behave like deaf people)
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| word sound deafness | problem with comprehension of auditory info
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| word form deafness | problem with speech formation
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| word meaning deafness | prob with assessing semantics
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| central semantic deficit | impaired written and spoken word comprehension
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| peripheral dyslexia | early stages of word recognition affected
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| neglect | don't attend to to left or right side of space (RH, parietal lobe damage)
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| pure alexia/dyslexia | letter by letter reading; lesion in inferior occipital lobe in LH
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| attentional dyslexia | can't recognise same word or letter if its shown with items of the same type
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| visual dyslexia | misidentify a word for one that is visually similar
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| surface dyslexia | regular words read better than irregular words (impairment of lexical route)
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| phonological dyslexia | poor/flawed nonword/new word reading (impaired sub-lexical route
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| deep dyslexia | semantic error in reading aloud
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| capgras delusion | significant others replaced by imposters
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| cotard delusion | believe you are dead
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| fregoli delusion | someone close is following but I don't know it's them as they're wearing a disguise
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| place reduplication | there are 2 or more places with the same name
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| reduplicative paramnesia | duplicated places or significant others
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| reverse intermetamorphosis | believe you are someone else
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| mirrored self misidentification | can't recognise reflection, think it's someone else
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| synaesthesia | sensory activation in one modality causes sensory activation in another
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| apraxia | loss of ability to execute learned purposeful movements despite being physically able
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| ideomotor apraxia | inability to carry out motor command (mime action)
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| ideational apraxia | inability to create plan/idea for specific movement (pick up pen and write name)
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| buccofacial apraxia | inability to carry out facial movements on command
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| limb apraxia | problem w/ fine precise movements
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| limb-kinetic apraxia | inability to make fine, precise movements with a limb
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| verbal apraxia | difficulty planning movements necessary for speech
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| contructional apraxia | inability to draw or construct simple configurations
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| oculomotor apraxia | difficulty moving eyes
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| action disorganisation syndrome | difficulty performing everyday multi-stop task
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| anxiety disorder | dysfunction in brain circuitry that underlies negative emotions; abnormal processing of threat related stimuli
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| second order conditioning | CS paired w/ US may act as US
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| preparedness theory | more biologically prepared to associate fear-relevant stimuli with aversive consequences
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| exposure therapy | repeatedly expose feared object -> gradual reduction of fear
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| exteroceptive context | sights, sounds, smells etc in physical environment
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| interoceptive context | drug state, hormonal state, mood
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| latent inhibition | repeated pre-exposure to CS on its own prior to CS-US
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| renewal | extinction conducted in different context (A) -> CR will reappear in context B
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| occasion setting | context modulates/sets occasion for CS
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| contingency | predictive power of CS in predicting US presence or absence
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| one-trial learning | CS acquired after only one trial
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| overshadowing | 2 CSs presented in compound and paired with US, more salient CS will elicit CR
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| observation | witness pairing of CS and US -> CS-CR in observer
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| instruction | mere instruction of US and CS will produce CRs
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| mental representation | mental imagery of CS or actual CS may elicit CR
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| salient CSs | more potent at developing CRs, more intense -> faster learning
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| reinstatement | presentation of US on its own after extinction
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| spontaneous recovery | extended passage of time after extinction
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| reacquistion | pairings of CS-US after extinction
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| context conditioning | context-CS; more likely for US to occur in context
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| frontal lobes | anterior to BA4
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| primary motor cortex | BA4, anterior to central sulcus
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| secondary motor cortex | lateral premotor cortex, frontal eyefield, Broca's area(BA44), posterior part of cingulate cortex
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| episodic memory | info stored with tags about context it was acquired
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| Penfield's patient | breakdown in temporal structure of memory; no memory for steps needs to complete tasks
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| source memory | knowledge concerning source/context acquired (frontal damage impairs functioning)
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| working memory and PFc | active maintenance and manipulation of info over brief interval in service to a task; might be a temporary repository; oxygen flow increased here during spatial memory task
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| PFC LH specialisation | non spatial tasks
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| PFC RH specialisation | spatial tasks
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| VLPFC specialisation | maintenance only tasks
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| DLPFC specialisation | maintenance and manipulation tasks
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| A not B task and PFC function | long delay group had more mature pattern of frontal EEG activity
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| Wisconsin card sorting task and PFC | Ps with frontal lobe lesions perseverate (have trouble abadoning one rule and moving to another)
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| deductive reasoning | a form of thinking that draws one conclusion that follows logically from 2 or more premises
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| 2 processes of dual-process model | 1. relies on knowledge and heuristics
2. formal, abstract methods (logical rules)
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| transitive inference | finding a 'aRc' inference from 'aRb' and 'bRc'; increased activation in middle frontal and cingulate
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| Broca's area | BA44, BA45 - LH just anterior to primary motor cortex; devoted to face (tongue and lip movement) - speech production
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| verb deficits | damage to left interior PFC
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| noun deficits | damage to left posterior regions
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| objects vs action | lesions associated with verb deficits -> motor planning
noun deficits -> sensory and semantic features of objects
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| concrete vs abstractness | verbs are more abstract and less imaginable
nouns have more observable mapping. physically concrete
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| thematic argument structure | verbs need and agent and can also have a theme and recipient -> more complex than nouns
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| selection demand | verb generation has many options, so classification is easier for low selection nouns (Thompson-Schill) - Broca's area accounted for 98% of variance in retrieval errors
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| sentence comprehension | use of semantic and syntactic processing; difficult for those w/ damage to Broca's area
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| sport psychology | study of psychological and mental factors that influence/by sport
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| psychophysiology of sport performance | scientific study of cognitive, emotional and bhral components of sport performance as revealed through the measurement of physiological components
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| ECG | heart rate
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| EEG | activity in frequency regions
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| EDA | Skin conductance
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| EMG | muscle activity
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| perceptual cognition skills | cog methods that enable optimal and strategic processing of task relevnt info
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| Yerkes-Dodson effect | optimal level of performance - increases above will produce performace decreases
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| Catastrophe model | 3-d relationship between performance, arousal and anxiety
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| Obrist's cardiac coupling hypothesis | deceleration in HR -> external focusing (due to metabolic and motor demands)
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| associative focus | on aspects of performance
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| dissociative focus | distraction from performance
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| competition goal | associative; external focus better to be more efficient
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| training goal | dissociative; internal focus better to build strength
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