68WM6 Ph 2 Test 1
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| a substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, may be used on skin | antiseptic
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| free of pathogenic organisms | antisepsis
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| harbors a disease without showing signs of infection | carrier
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| to make unsterileor unclean | contaminate
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| chain of events necessary for an organism to survive, grow, multiply, and cause illness | cycle of infection
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| chemical applied to objects to destroy microorganisms | disinfectant
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| infection control practice of placing a bag of contaminated items into a clean bag held ooutside an isolation room | double bagging
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| from within the body | endogenous
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| from outside the body | exogenous
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| inanimate object capable of carrying pathogens | fomite
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| person, group, or animal that is susceptible to a disease or illness | host
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| agent capable of causing disease or illness | pathogen
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| policies and procedures to prevent the spread of disease within a hospital | infection control
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| clean techniques to remove gross contamination | medical asepsis
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| organism that can only be seen with the use of a microscope | microorganism
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| avenue by which an organism leaves the reservoir | mode of escape
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| an infection acquired in the hospital | nonsocomial or hospital acquired
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| the place the organism needs to live in order to grow and multiply | reservoir
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| allows bacteria to lay dormant until the environment becomes faborable to its growth | spore
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| methods used to kill microorganisms | sterilization
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| sterile technique | surgical asepsis
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| living carrier of a pathogen (a mosquito, for example) | vector
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| means by which organism is carried about | vehicle
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| highly pathogenic or rapidly progressing condition | virulent
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| signs and symptoms of localized infection | redness, pain, loss of function, heat, swelling
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| signs and symptoms of a systemic infection | headache, chills, fever
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| the 5 classes of pathogens | bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, protozoa
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| universal precaustions, or standard precautions, is based on the assumption that all bodily fluids are __________________ | contaminated
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| factors that make a patient more susceptible to infection | age, stress, nutrition, heredity, radiotion, chemotherapy, sex, economic status, disease history, lifestyle
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| the steps in the chain of infection | causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
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| environmental factors that impact patient comfort | temp, ventiltation, humidity, lighting, odor, noise, interior design, neatness, privacy, comfort
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| recommended range for room temperature | 68-74
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| recommended range for room humidity | 30-50
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| how often should a bed be changed? | whenever it is dirty
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| who is responsible for the initial assessment on admission? | RN
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| what can an LPN do related to nursing assessment | assist with initial, conduct ongoing (shift to shift) and focused assessments
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| what are the 4 techniques of physical assessment | inspection, auscultation, palpation, precussion
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| what are some special considerations when treating older adults | fatigue, comfort, mental status, increased time required, patience
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| teaching topics related to preventive health | physical exams, diagnostic tests, immunizations, cancer warning signs, self exams
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| form number for a discharge summary | DA 3888-3
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| form number for an admission interview | DA 3888
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| who is responsible for filling out the da 3888? | RN
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| form number for nursing notes | SF 510
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| body position with the entire body tilted so that the head is below the feet | trendellenburg
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| body position lying on side, usually the left side | sims or lateral position
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| body position in which patient rests face down with knees to chest and butt up in the air | knee chest or genupectoral
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| common use for trendellenburg position | to treat shock
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| common uses for sims position | enema, rectal temp
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| common uses for genupectoral positon | to relieve pressure on umbilical cord, to examine hemorrhoids
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| body position lying face down | prone
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| body position lying flat and face up | supine
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| body position commonly used for childbirth | lithotomy
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| body position commonly used to insert a foley in a female | dorsal recumbent
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| what angle should the back of the bed be at if you wish to place your patient in semi-fowlers | 30 degrees
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| what angle should the back of the bed be at if you wish to place your patient in fowlers | 45 degrees
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| nursing responsiblities when assisting a physician with a physical exam | pass supplies, position patient, adjust lighting
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| what type of specimen would you need to collect for a urine culture and sensitivity? | midstream or clean catch urine sample
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| how soon after the patient voids does catheterization need to be performed in order to measure residual urine | 10 minutes
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| in order to test renal function and urine composition, such levels of adrenalcortical steroids, hormones, protein, and creatinine clearance what kind of specimen must be collected | 24 hour urine
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| in order to determine the presence of intestinal infection, bleeding, and hemorrhage, what kind of sample should be collected | stool specimen
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| in order to determine the presence of occult blood in the stool what kind of test should be performed | guaiac
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| this test is used to determine the dresence of occult blood in gastric secretions or emesis | gastroccult test
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| what is the best time to collect a sputum specimen | morining
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| you would collect this type of sample in order to test for infection in a wound | wound culture
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| xray using barium dye to visualize the colon | barium enema
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| xray usuing dye to visualize the esophagus | barium swallow
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| endoscopic visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi | bronchoscopy
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| xray film of pulmonary and cardiac systems | chest xray
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| endoscopic examination of the colon from anus to cecum | colonoscopy
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| endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon | sigmoidoscopy
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| noninvasive xray with contrast dye | ct scan
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| direct endoscopic examination of the urethra and bladder | cystoscopy
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| cultivation of cells in a special medium | culture
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| study of cells | cytology
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| ultrasound of the heart | echocardiogram
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| graphic representation of the electrical impulses of the heart | electrocardiogram
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| graphic recording of the electrical activity of the brain | electroencephalogram
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| mucous, sputum or fluids expelled by coughing or spitting | expectorate
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| substance used to preserve a specimen | fixative
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| a fasting blood glucose is also called a | glucose tolerance test
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| detects occult blood in feces | hemoccult
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| xray with contrast dye for idneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder | intravenous pyelogram
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| needle placed in subarachnoid space to collect a sample of CSF | lumbar puncture
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| insertion of needle into abdomen | paracentesis
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| uring remaining in the bladder after voiding | residual urine
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| lab test to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics against a certain organism | sensitivity
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| xray films with contrast of the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum | upper gastrointestinal series
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| routine tests on a urine spcimen | unrinalysis
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| role of the lpn in specimen collection | patient preparation, prepare supplies, patient care during and after procedure
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| a CBC includes | WBC with differential, RBC, RBC indices, HGB, HCT, platelets, VPV, and blood smear
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| a basic metabolic panel includes | bun, Ca, CO2, Cl, Creatinine, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium
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| what is BUN a measurement of | urea nitrogen in the blood
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| what gland do abnormal blood calcium levels indicate a problem with | parathyroid
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| a comprehensive metabolic panel includes | a basic metabolic plus albumin, AST, Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase, and protein
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| a rise in this indicates an injury to muscels and nerve cells, freaquently rises following MI | CPL, creatine phosphokinase
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| an increase in LDH-1 is indicative of | MI
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| an increase in LDH-2 is indicative of | reticuloendothelial injury
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| and increase in LDH-3 is indicative of | lung injury
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| an increase in LDH-4 is indicative of | kidney, placenta, or pancreas injury
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| and increase in LDH-5 is indicative of | liver, straited muscle injury
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| the main lipid associated with atherosclerosis | cholesterol
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| a lipid profile includes | total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL
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| things that should be documented following the collection of a specimen for diagnostic labs | date time, type of specimen, sent to lab, pt response and tolerance, any pt teaching conducted
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| four major components of body fliud | water, electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, blood
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| average required fluid intake per day | 2500 mL
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| minimum urine output needed per hour | 30 mL
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| this type of fluid loss is measurable | sensible (vomiting, diarrhea, urination)
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| this type of fluid loss is not measurable | insensible (sweating, crying)
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| signs and symptoms of fluid loss | weakness, dizziness, dark urine, increased pulse
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| causes of fluid excess | iv infusion, disease processes (kidneys)
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| signs and symptoms of fluid excess | weight gain, increased blood pressure, edema
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| nursing interventions for fluid loss | monitor I&O, vital signs
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| nursing interventions for fluid excess | monitor weight, lung sounds
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| the very young have a ________ composition of water than adults | higher
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| the very old have a ___________ composition of water than young adults | lower
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| high sodium level | hypernatremia
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| signs and symptoms of hypernatremia | dry mucus membranse, decreased urine output, increased tissue turgur
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| low sodium levels | hyponatremia
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| signs and symptoms of hyponatremia | headache, fatique, postural hypotension, muscle weakness
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| functions of sodium in homeostasis | regulate water balance, muscle contractility
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| high potassium level | hyperkalemia
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| signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia | cardiac dysrrhythmia, numbness/tingling, muscle weakness
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| low potassium level | hypokalemia
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| signs and symptoms of hypokalemia | muscle cramps, decreased bowel sounds, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, cadiac deysrhythmia
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| function of potassium in homeostasis | intracellular water and electrolyte balance, helps regulate hydrogen ion concentation
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| function of chloride in homeostasis | forms HCl in stomach, helps regulate osmotic pressure, functions in acid/base balance
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| high level of calcium | hypercalcemia
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| signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia | thirst, polyuria, decreased muscle tone, lethargy, decreased reflexes, decreased GI mobility
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| low level of calcium | hypocalcemia
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| signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia | tingling, muscle spasm, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased reflexes
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| function of calcium in homeostasis | bones/teeth, functions in blood clotting, formatioin of cell membranes
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| function of phosphorus in homeostasis | bones/teeth, acts as an acid/base buffer
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| function of magnesium in homeostasis | enzyme activation, regulation of calcium, phosphate, and potassium
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| function of bicarbonate in homeostasis | acid/base balance
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| fat has a _________ percentage of water than muscle | lower
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| normal blood pH | 7.35 to 7.45
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| normal blood PaCO2 | 35-45 mmHg
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| normal blood PO2 | 80-100 mmHg
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| normal blood HCO3 | 22-26 mEq/L
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| decreased pH along with increased PaCO2 would indicate | respiratory acidosis
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| decreased pH along with decreased HCO3 would indicate | metabolic acidosis
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| increased pH along with decreased PaCO2 would indicate | respiratory alkalosis
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| increased pH along with increased HCO3 would indicate | metabolic alkalosis
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| blood acidity not compatible with life | <6.8 pH
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| blood alkalinity not compatible with live | >7.8 pH
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| the energy source for active transport | ATP
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| active transport is different from passive because it requires __________ | energy
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| diffusion, osmosis, and filtration are all examples of ________ transport | passive
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| some osmotic pressure as blood | isotonic
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| higher osmotic pressure than blood | hypertonic
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| lower osmotic pressure than blood | hypotonic
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| the fluid inside cells, contains 2/3 of the water in the body | intracellular compartment
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| the fluid outside cells, contains 1.3 of the water in the body | extracellular
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| this portion of the extracellular compartment refers to the water between cells | interstitial
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| this portion of the extracellular compartment refers to the water within vessels | intravascular
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| entry of a patient into health care facility | admission
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| agency that provides health care | health care facility
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| ability to share emotions and state of mind of another | empath
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| produces by admitting department as means of patient identifcation | ID band
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| moving a atient from one unit to another | transfer
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| process of planning for patient care after discharge | discharge planning
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| this refers to a patient leaving without physicians order for discharge | AMA, against medical advice
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| LPN responsibilities on admission | prepare room, great/orient patient, get patient history, collect valuables, perform assessment, protect safety, prioritize care
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| LPN responsibilities on transfer | check orders, inform patient/family, notify receiving unit, gather belongings, assist with transport, DOCUMENT!
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| where do the copies of the 3888-3 go | inpatient record, patient, outpatient record
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| the form used to document a patient leaving against medical advice | 5009-R
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| most abundant electrolyte in the body | sodium
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| dominant intracellular cation | potassium
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| chief anion of interstitial and intravascular fluid | chloride
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| contraction of facial muscles in response to light tap in front of ear | chvostek's sign
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| carpal spasm induced by BP cuff inflated for a few minutes | Trousseau's sign
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| trousseau's and chvostek's signn are indicative of | hypocalcemia
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| the body's three main systems to regulate acid/base balance | blood buffers, respiratory buffer, renal buffer
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| who is responsible for declaring death | physician
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| what should be documented in the event of a patient being declared dead | time, decription of therapies and actions taken
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| what are some common post-mortem changes | lowering of body temperature, muscular rigidity (rigor mortis), purple discoloration (livor mortis), decomposition
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