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68WM6 Ph 2 Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, may be used on skin | antiseptic |
| free of pathogenic organisms | antisepsis |
| harbors a disease without showing signs of infection | carrier |
| to make unsterileor unclean | contaminate |
| chain of events necessary for an organism to survive, grow, multiply, and cause illness | cycle of infection |
| chemical applied to objects to destroy microorganisms | disinfectant |
| infection control practice of placing a bag of contaminated items into a clean bag held ooutside an isolation room | double bagging |
| from within the body | endogenous |
| from outside the body | exogenous |
| inanimate object capable of carrying pathogens | fomite |
| person, group, or animal that is susceptible to a disease or illness | host |
| agent capable of causing disease or illness | pathogen |
| policies and procedures to prevent the spread of disease within a hospital | infection control |
| clean techniques to remove gross contamination | medical asepsis |
| organism that can only be seen with the use of a microscope | microorganism |
| avenue by which an organism leaves the reservoir | mode of escape |
| an infection acquired in the hospital | nonsocomial or hospital acquired |
| the place the organism needs to live in order to grow and multiply | reservoir |
| allows bacteria to lay dormant until the environment becomes faborable to its growth | spore |
| methods used to kill microorganisms | sterilization |
| sterile technique | surgical asepsis |
| living carrier of a pathogen (a mosquito, for example) | vector |
| means by which organism is carried about | vehicle |
| highly pathogenic or rapidly progressing condition | virulent |
| signs and symptoms of localized infection | redness, pain, loss of function, heat, swelling |
| signs and symptoms of a systemic infection | headache, chills, fever |
| the 5 classes of pathogens | bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, protozoa |
| universal precaustions, or standard precautions, is based on the assumption that all bodily fluids are __________________ | contaminated |
| factors that make a patient more susceptible to infection | age, stress, nutrition, heredity, radiotion, chemotherapy, sex, economic status, disease history, lifestyle |
| the steps in the chain of infection | causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host |
| environmental factors that impact patient comfort | temp, ventiltation, humidity, lighting, odor, noise, interior design, neatness, privacy, comfort |
| recommended range for room temperature | 68-74 |
| recommended range for room humidity | 30-50 |
| how often should a bed be changed? | whenever it is dirty |
| who is responsible for the initial assessment on admission? | RN |
| what can an LPN do related to nursing assessment | assist with initial, conduct ongoing (shift to shift) and focused assessments |
| what are the 4 techniques of physical assessment | inspection, auscultation, palpation, precussion |
| what are some special considerations when treating older adults | fatigue, comfort, mental status, increased time required, patience |
| teaching topics related to preventive health | physical exams, diagnostic tests, immunizations, cancer warning signs, self exams |
| form number for a discharge summary | DA 3888-3 |
| form number for an admission interview | DA 3888 |
| who is responsible for filling out the da 3888? | RN |
| form number for nursing notes | SF 510 |
| body position with the entire body tilted so that the head is below the feet | trendellenburg |
| body position lying on side, usually the left side | sims or lateral position |
| body position in which patient rests face down with knees to chest and butt up in the air | knee chest or genupectoral |
| common use for trendellenburg position | to treat shock |
| common uses for sims position | enema, rectal temp |
| common uses for genupectoral positon | to relieve pressure on umbilical cord, to examine hemorrhoids |
| body position lying face down | prone |
| body position lying flat and face up | supine |
| body position commonly used for childbirth | lithotomy |
| body position commonly used to insert a foley in a female | dorsal recumbent |
| what angle should the back of the bed be at if you wish to place your patient in semi-fowlers | 30 degrees |
| what angle should the back of the bed be at if you wish to place your patient in fowlers | 45 degrees |
| nursing responsiblities when assisting a physician with a physical exam | pass supplies, position patient, adjust lighting |
| what type of specimen would you need to collect for a urine culture and sensitivity? | midstream or clean catch urine sample |
| how soon after the patient voids does catheterization need to be performed in order to measure residual urine | 10 minutes |
| in order to test renal function and urine composition, such levels of adrenalcortical steroids, hormones, protein, and creatinine clearance what kind of specimen must be collected | 24 hour urine |
| in order to determine the presence of intestinal infection, bleeding, and hemorrhage, what kind of sample should be collected | stool specimen |
| in order to determine the presence of occult blood in the stool what kind of test should be performed | guaiac |
| this test is used to determine the dresence of occult blood in gastric secretions or emesis | gastroccult test |
| what is the best time to collect a sputum specimen | morining |
| you would collect this type of sample in order to test for infection in a wound | wound culture |
| xray using barium dye to visualize the colon | barium enema |
| xray usuing dye to visualize the esophagus | barium swallow |
| endoscopic visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi | bronchoscopy |
| xray film of pulmonary and cardiac systems | chest xray |
| endoscopic examination of the colon from anus to cecum | colonoscopy |
| endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon | sigmoidoscopy |
| noninvasive xray with contrast dye | ct scan |
| direct endoscopic examination of the urethra and bladder | cystoscopy |
| cultivation of cells in a special medium | culture |
| study of cells | cytology |
| ultrasound of the heart | echocardiogram |
| graphic representation of the electrical impulses of the heart | electrocardiogram |
| graphic recording of the electrical activity of the brain | electroencephalogram |
| mucous, sputum or fluids expelled by coughing or spitting | expectorate |
| substance used to preserve a specimen | fixative |
| a fasting blood glucose is also called a | glucose tolerance test |
| detects occult blood in feces | hemoccult |
| xray with contrast dye for idneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder | intravenous pyelogram |
| needle placed in subarachnoid space to collect a sample of CSF | lumbar puncture |
| insertion of needle into abdomen | paracentesis |
| uring remaining in the bladder after voiding | residual urine |
| lab test to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics against a certain organism | sensitivity |
| xray films with contrast of the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum | upper gastrointestinal series |
| routine tests on a urine spcimen | unrinalysis |
| role of the lpn in specimen collection | patient preparation, prepare supplies, patient care during and after procedure |
| a CBC includes | WBC with differential, RBC, RBC indices, HGB, HCT, platelets, VPV, and blood smear |
| a basic metabolic panel includes | bun, Ca, CO2, Cl, Creatinine, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium |
| what is BUN a measurement of | urea nitrogen in the blood |
| what gland do abnormal blood calcium levels indicate a problem with | parathyroid |
| a comprehensive metabolic panel includes | a basic metabolic plus albumin, AST, Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase, and protein |
| a rise in this indicates an injury to muscels and nerve cells, freaquently rises following MI | CPL, creatine phosphokinase |
| an increase in LDH-1 is indicative of | MI |
| an increase in LDH-2 is indicative of | reticuloendothelial injury |
| and increase in LDH-3 is indicative of | lung injury |
| an increase in LDH-4 is indicative of | kidney, placenta, or pancreas injury |
| and increase in LDH-5 is indicative of | liver, straited muscle injury |
| the main lipid associated with atherosclerosis | cholesterol |
| a lipid profile includes | total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL |
| things that should be documented following the collection of a specimen for diagnostic labs | date time, type of specimen, sent to lab, pt response and tolerance, any pt teaching conducted |
| four major components of body fliud | water, electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, blood |
| average required fluid intake per day | 2500 mL |
| minimum urine output needed per hour | 30 mL |
| this type of fluid loss is measurable | sensible (vomiting, diarrhea, urination) |
| this type of fluid loss is not measurable | insensible (sweating, crying) |
| signs and symptoms of fluid loss | weakness, dizziness, dark urine, increased pulse |
| causes of fluid excess | iv infusion, disease processes (kidneys) |
| signs and symptoms of fluid excess | weight gain, increased blood pressure, edema |
| nursing interventions for fluid loss | monitor I&O, vital signs |
| nursing interventions for fluid excess | monitor weight, lung sounds |
| the very young have a ________ composition of water than adults | higher |
| the very old have a ___________ composition of water than young adults | lower |
| high sodium level | hypernatremia |
| signs and symptoms of hypernatremia | dry mucus membranse, decreased urine output, increased tissue turgur |
| low sodium levels | hyponatremia |
| signs and symptoms of hyponatremia | headache, fatique, postural hypotension, muscle weakness |
| functions of sodium in homeostasis | regulate water balance, muscle contractility |
| high potassium level | hyperkalemia |
| signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia | cardiac dysrrhythmia, numbness/tingling, muscle weakness |
| low potassium level | hypokalemia |
| signs and symptoms of hypokalemia | muscle cramps, decreased bowel sounds, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, cadiac deysrhythmia |
| function of potassium in homeostasis | intracellular water and electrolyte balance, helps regulate hydrogen ion concentation |
| function of chloride in homeostasis | forms HCl in stomach, helps regulate osmotic pressure, functions in acid/base balance |
| high level of calcium | hypercalcemia |
| signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia | thirst, polyuria, decreased muscle tone, lethargy, decreased reflexes, decreased GI mobility |
| low level of calcium | hypocalcemia |
| signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia | tingling, muscle spasm, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased reflexes |
| function of calcium in homeostasis | bones/teeth, functions in blood clotting, formatioin of cell membranes |
| function of phosphorus in homeostasis | bones/teeth, acts as an acid/base buffer |
| function of magnesium in homeostasis | enzyme activation, regulation of calcium, phosphate, and potassium |
| function of bicarbonate in homeostasis | acid/base balance |
| fat has a _________ percentage of water than muscle | lower |
| normal blood pH | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| normal blood PaCO2 | 35-45 mmHg |
| normal blood PO2 | 80-100 mmHg |
| normal blood HCO3 | 22-26 mEq/L |
| decreased pH along with increased PaCO2 would indicate | respiratory acidosis |
| decreased pH along with decreased HCO3 would indicate | metabolic acidosis |
| increased pH along with decreased PaCO2 would indicate | respiratory alkalosis |
| increased pH along with increased HCO3 would indicate | metabolic alkalosis |
| blood acidity not compatible with life | <6.8 pH |
| blood alkalinity not compatible with live | >7.8 pH |
| the energy source for active transport | ATP |
| active transport is different from passive because it requires __________ | energy |
| diffusion, osmosis, and filtration are all examples of ________ transport | passive |
| some osmotic pressure as blood | isotonic |
| higher osmotic pressure than blood | hypertonic |
| lower osmotic pressure than blood | hypotonic |
| the fluid inside cells, contains 2/3 of the water in the body | intracellular compartment |
| the fluid outside cells, contains 1.3 of the water in the body | extracellular |
| this portion of the extracellular compartment refers to the water between cells | interstitial |
| this portion of the extracellular compartment refers to the water within vessels | intravascular |
| entry of a patient into health care facility | admission |
| agency that provides health care | health care facility |
| ability to share emotions and state of mind of another | empath |
| produces by admitting department as means of patient identifcation | ID band |
| moving a atient from one unit to another | transfer |
| process of planning for patient care after discharge | discharge planning |
| this refers to a patient leaving without physicians order for discharge | AMA, against medical advice |
| LPN responsibilities on admission | prepare room, great/orient patient, get patient history, collect valuables, perform assessment, protect safety, prioritize care |
| LPN responsibilities on transfer | check orders, inform patient/family, notify receiving unit, gather belongings, assist with transport, DOCUMENT! |
| where do the copies of the 3888-3 go | inpatient record, patient, outpatient record |
| the form used to document a patient leaving against medical advice | 5009-R |
| most abundant electrolyte in the body | sodium |
| dominant intracellular cation | potassium |
| chief anion of interstitial and intravascular fluid | chloride |
| contraction of facial muscles in response to light tap in front of ear | chvostek's sign |
| carpal spasm induced by BP cuff inflated for a few minutes | Trousseau's sign |
| trousseau's and chvostek's signn are indicative of | hypocalcemia |
| the body's three main systems to regulate acid/base balance | blood buffers, respiratory buffer, renal buffer |
| who is responsible for declaring death | physician |
| what should be documented in the event of a patient being declared dead | time, decription of therapies and actions taken |
| what are some common post-mortem changes | lowering of body temperature, muscular rigidity (rigor mortis), purple discoloration (livor mortis), decomposition |
Created by:
ewoff85
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