CHAPTER 1 - The Nature of Psychology
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| psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes
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| nativism | the philosophical position that heredity provides individuals with inborn knowledge and abilities
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| rationalism | the philosophical position that true knowledge comes through correct reasoning
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| empiricism | the philosophical position that true knowledge comes through the senses
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| psychophysics | the study of the relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and the conscious psychological experiences that are associated with them
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| differential psychology | the field of psychology that studies individual differences in physical, personality, and intellectual characteristics
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| structuralism | the early psychological viewpoint that sought to identify the components of the conscious mind
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| analytic introspection | a research method in which highly trained participants report the contents of their conscious mental experiences
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| functionalism | the early psychological viewpoint that studied how the conscious mind helps the individual adapt to the environment
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| psychoanalysis | the psychological viewpoint that emphasizes the importance of unconscious causes of behavior
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| psychic determinism | the Freudian assumption that all human behavior is influenced by unconscious motives
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| behaviorism | the psychological viewpoint that rejects the study of mental processes in favor of the study of overt behavior
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| Gestalt psychology | the early psychological viewpoint that claimed that we precieve and think about wholes rather than simply combinataions of separate elements
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| phi phenomenon | apparent motion cause by the presentation of different visual stimuli in rapid succession
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| humanistic perspective | the psychological viewpoint that holds that the proper subject matter of psychology is the individual's subjective mental experience of the world
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| phenomenological psychology | a branch of humanistic psychology primarily concerned with the study of subjective mental experience
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| existential psychology | a branch of humanistic psychology that studies how individuals respond to the basic philosophical issues of life, such as death, meaning, freedom, and isolation
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| scientific paradigm | a model that determines the appropriate goals, methods, and subject matter of a science
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| cognitive perspective | the psychological viewpoint that favors the study of how the mind organizes perceptions, processes information, and interprets experiences
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| biopsychological perspective | the psychological viewpoint that stresses the relationship of physiological factors to behavior and mental processes
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| behavioral genetics | the study of the effects of heredity and life experiences on behavior
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| evolutionary psychology | the study of the evolution of behavior through natural selection
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| social-cultural perspective | the psychological viewpoint that favors the scientific study of human behavior in its social-cultural context
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| cross-cultural psychology | an approach that tries to determine the extent to which research findings aobut human psychology hold true across cultures
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| cultural psychology | an approach that studies how cultrual factors affect human behavior an dmental experience
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| ethnic psychology | the field that employs culturally appropriate methods to describe the experience of members of groups that historically have been underrepresented in psychology
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| basic research | research aimed at finding answers to questions out of theoretical interest or intellectual curiosity
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| applied research | research aimed at improving the quality of life and solving practical problems
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| experimental psychology | the field primarily concerned with laboratory research on basic psychological processes, including perception, learning, memory, thinking, language, motivation, and emotion
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| behavioral neuroscience | the field that studies the physiological bases of human and animal behavior and mental processes
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| comparative psychology | the field that studies similarities and differences in the physilogy, behaviors, and abilities of different species of animals, including human beings
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| developmental psychology | the field that studies physical, perecptual, cognitive, and psychosocial changes across the life span
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| personality psychology | the field that focuses on factors accounting for the differences in behavior and enduring personal characteristics among individuals
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| social psychology | the field that studies how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other people affects one another's thought, feelings, and behaviors
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| clinical psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
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| counseling psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to help individuals deal with problems of daily living, generally less serious ones than those treated by clinical psychologists
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| psychiatry | the field of medicine that diagnoses and treats psychological disorders by using medical or psychological forms of therapy
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| health psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to the prevention and treatment of physical illness
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| industrial / organizational psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to improve productivity in businesses, industries, and government agencies
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| school psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to improve the academic performance and social behavior of students in elementary, middle, and high schools
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| educational psychology | the field that applies psychological priciples to help improve curriculum, teaching methods, and administrative procedures
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| sport psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to help amateur and professional athletes improve their performance
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| forensic psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to improve the legal system, including the work of police and juries
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| environmental psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to help improve the physical environment, including the design of buildings and the reduction of noise
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| peace psychology | the field that applies psychological principles to reducing conflict and maintaining peace
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Created by:
Jessica C
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